{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:09:50Z","timestamp":1789006190174,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":886,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six cats with PMC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3\/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2\/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6-9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty-two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow-up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6\/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow-up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease-positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T06:45:10Z","timestamp":1690440310000},"page":"1806-1814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pseudomembranous cystitis in cats with presumed or confirmed mineralization: A retrospective study of 26 cases (2016-2021)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8165-6455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Labelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Montreal (CHUV) , St. Hyacinthe, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Penninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine , North Grafton, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0797-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle M.","family":"Butty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine , North Grafton, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAMSA , Minneapolis, Minnesota,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Montreal (CHUV) , St. Hyacinthe, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303000590700_jvim16819-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.02.004","article-title":"Pseudomembranous cystitis, an unusual condition associated with feline urine outflow obstruction: four cases","volume":"13","author":"Le Boedec","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303000590700_jvim16819-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12657","article-title":"Successful medical management of pseudomembranous cystitis in three cats with lower urinary tract obstruction","volume":"96","author":"Vila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303000590700_jvim16819-bib-0003","first-page":"125","article-title":"Pseudomembranous cystitis: an uncommon ultrasound appearance of cystitis in cats and dogs","volume":"8","author":"Puccinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020303000590700_jvim16819-bib-0004","first-page":"965","article-title":"Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine","author":"Damjanov","year":"2015","edition":"7th ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303000590700_jvim16819-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X20941786","article-title":"Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What's normal? 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