{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:05:39Z","timestamp":1771052739275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":836,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prediction tool was developed and internally validated to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending UK primary-care practices. External validation is an important part of model validation to assess model performance when used in different populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the original prediction model's transportability, applicability, and diagnostic performance in a secondary-care practice in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred thirty client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study. Medical records of dogs under investigation of Cushing's syndrome between 2011 and 2020 were reviewed. Dogs diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome by the attending internists and fulfilling ALIVE criteria were defined as cases, others as non-cases. All dogs were scored using the aforementioned prediction tool. Dog characteristics and predictor-outcome effects in development and validation data sets were compared to assess model transportability. Calibration and discrimination were examined to assess model performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty of 230 dogs were defined as cases. Significant differences in dog characteristics were found between UK primary-care and Dutch secondary-care populations. Not all predictors from the original model were confirmed to be significant predictors in the validation sample. The model systematically overestimated the probability of having Cushing's syndrome (a\u2009=\u2009\u22121.10, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Calibration slope was 1.35 and discrimination proved excellent (area under the receiver operating curve\u2009=\u20090.83).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prediction model had moderate transportability, excellent discriminatory ability, and overall overestimated probability of having Cushing's syndrome. This study confirms its utility, though emphasizes that ongoing validation efforts of disease prediction tools are a worthwhile effort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T08:35:23Z","timestamp":1693816523000},"page":"2052-2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["External validation of a United Kingdom primary-care Cushing's prediction tool in a population of referred Dutch dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart Eduardus Wilhelmus","family":"Ruijter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MCD-AniCura \u2013 Internal Medicine, Isolatorweg 45 , Amsterdam 1014AS,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3039-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line Anne","family":"Bik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MCD-AniCura \u2013 Internal Medicine, Isolatorweg 45 , Amsterdam 1014AS,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-8723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imogen","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane , Hatfield AL9 7TA,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stijn Johannes Maria","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College \u2013 Veterinary Clinical Sciences, North Mimms , Herts,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Veterinary Specialist Consultations , Hilversum,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021401262904800_jvim16848-bib-0001","article-title":"ALIVE Project Definition Cushing's syndrome","author":"European Society of Veterinary Endocrinology","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026021401262904800_jvim16848-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v9i1.5","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome\u2014an epidemiological study based on a canine population of 21,281 dogs","volume":"9","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Vet J"},{"key":"2026021401262904800_jvim16848-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13450","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors for naturally occurring Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending UK primary-care practices","volume":"63","author":"Schofield","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026021401262904800_jvim16848-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12523","article-title":"Epidemiology of hyperadrenocorticism among 210,824 dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in the UK from 2009 to 2014","volume":"57","author":"O'Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026021401262904800_jvim16848-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105342","article-title":"Diagnosis of spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. 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