{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:10:42Z","timestamp":1773076242414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":836,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr. Brian Riviere Memorial Veterinary Pharmacokinetic Research Grant from the American Veterinary Medical Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is unknown if enrofloxacin accumulates in plasma of cats with reduced kidney function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin have reduced clearance in azotemic cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four cats hospitalized for clinical illness with variable degree of kidney function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study. After enrofloxacin (dose 5\u2009mg\/kg) administration to cats, sparse blood sampling was used to obtain 2 compartment population pharmacokinetic results using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Plasma enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations were measured and summed to obtain the total fluoroquinolone concentration. A model of ciprofloxacin metabolism from enrofloxacin was created and evaluated for covariate effects on clearance, volume of distribution, and the metabolic rate of ciprofloxacin generation from enrofloxacin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Body weight was the only covariate found to affect total fluoroquinolone volume of distribution (effect 1.63, SE 0.19, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01) and clearance (effect 1.63, SE 0.27, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01). Kidney function did not have a significant effect on total fluoroquinolone clearance (median 440.8\u2009mL\/kg\/h (range 191.4-538.0\u2009mL\/kg\/h) in cats with normal kidney function, 365.8\u2009mL\/kg\/h (range 89.49-1092.0\u2009mL\/kg\/h) in cats with moderate kidney dysfunction, and 308.5\u2009mL\/kg\/h (range 140.20-480.0\u2009mL\/kg\/h) in cats with severe kidney dysfunction (P\u2009=\u2009.64). Blood urea nitrogen concentration influenced the metabolic generation of ciprofloxacin from enrofloxacin (effect 0.51, SE 0.08, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01), but other markers of kidney function did not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adjustment of enrofloxacin dosage is not indicated for azotemic cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T07:19:20Z","timestamp":1695194360000},"page":"2230-2240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Population pharmacokinetic analysis of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection to cats with reduced kidney function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friendship Hospital for Animals , Washington, DC,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abouraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Muma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Department of 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