{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T14:35:44Z","timestamp":1773239744299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":836,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"O3 Animal Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016749","name":"UC Davis Center for Equine Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3-V435EGW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-V435EGW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016749","name":"UC Davis Center for Equine Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3\u2010V435EGW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3\u2010V435EGW"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Omega-3 fatty acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementation reduces gastric ulcer formation in humans and rodents; however, efficacy of prevention in horses is unknown. Equine Omega Complete (EOC) is an oral supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine if EOC supplementation prevents gastric ulcers and increases serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations in healthy horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine thoroughbred geldings; 5-13\u2009years old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective randomized block design, repeated in crossover model. Horses were administered EOC, omeprazole, or water PO for 28\u2009days. Horses underwent an established gastric ulcer induction protocol from days 21-28 via intermittent feed deprivation. Gastroscopies were performed on days 0, 21, and 28. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were measured on days 0 and 28. The effects of treatment and time on ulcer grades were assessed with ordinal logistic regression, with significance at P-value &amp;lt;.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ulcer grades increased during ulcer induction in control and EOC but not omeprazole groups (P\u2009=\u2009.02). Grades increased in EOC-treated horses after ulcer induction from a median of 1 [95% confidence interval 0-2.5] (day 0) to 2.5 [1.5-3.5] (day 28) and were similar to the control group (P\u2009=\u2009.54). Serum alpha-tocopherol increased in EOC-treated horses from day 0 to day 28 (mean 2.2 \u00b1 0.43\u2009\u03bcg\/mL to 2.96 \u00b1 0.89\u2009\u03bcg\/mL; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) with high individual variation; this increase was not different from omeprazole or control groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementation with EOC for 28\u2009days did not prevent gastric ulcer formation nor increase alpha-tocopherol concentrations relative to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T01:39:15Z","timestamp":1696037955000},"page":"2529-2534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of the oral supplement, Equine Omega Complete, for the prevention of gastric ulcers and alpha-tocopherol supplementation in horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williams Louie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Wensley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie J.","family":"Finno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily H.","family":"Berryhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis Department of Medicine and 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