{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:45:20Z","timestamp":1787240720318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":764,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCAH 2021-28-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCAH 2021-28-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCAH 2021\u201028\u2010R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCAH 2021\u201028\u2010R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCE) is a well-documented condition in dogs although rarely reported in chondrodystrophic breeds. Genetic associations have not been defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Define the association of the chondrodystrophy-associated FGF4L2 retrogene with histopathologically confirmed cases of FCE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-eight dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of FCE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective multicenter study. Dogs were genotyped for the FGF4L2 and FGF4L1 retrogenes using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Associations between breed, FCE and retrogene status were investigated with reference to a hospital population and known breed and general population allele frequencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FGF4L2 genotype was defined in 89 FCE cases. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy was present in 22 dogs from FGF4L2-segregating breeds with allele frequencies of \u22655%; however, all dogs were wild type. Two Labrador retrievers with FCE carried FGF4L2 alleles. Frequency of the FGF4L2 allele was significantly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and negatively associated with FCE relative to predicted hospital-population dogs. FCE was overrepresented in Boxer, Great Dane, Yorkshire Terrier, Bernese Mountain Dog, Miniature Schnauzer, Rottweiler, and Shetland Sheepdog breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study data based on genotypically and histopathologically defined cases support the historical observation that FCE is uncommon in chondrodystrophic dog breeds. FGF4 plays an important role in angiogenesis and vascular integrity; anatomical studies comparing chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs might provide insight into the pathogenesis of FCE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T09:03:22Z","timestamp":1698915802000},"page":"258-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of the\n                    <i>FGF4L2<\/i>\n                    retrogene with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Colleen","family":"Embersics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7614-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danika","family":"Bannasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Batcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Boudreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , College Station, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathobiology, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Ithica, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7818-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetoracle Teleneurology , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jey","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathobiology, , Auburn, Alabama,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Rossmeisl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Grahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Donner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, 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