{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:25:23Z","timestamp":1787505923806,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":764,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A head turn is a clinically relevant abnormality identified on neurological examination and historically has been an isolated or concomitant sign of ipsilateral forebrain dysfunction. Experimental studies in quadrupedal mammals suggest that changes in head posture may be identified as originating in other parts of the central nervous system (CNS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify whether other locations within the CNS could give rise to a head turn and whether the head turn identified is isolated or concomitant with other deviations in head and body posture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-nine client-owned dogs with a presentation of a head turn, from 6 veterinary referral centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter observational prospective study including dogs with photographic evidence of a head turn, full neurological examination, and advanced imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the population, 15\/49 had head turn only, 9\/49 had head turn and head tilt only, 12\/49 had head turn and body turn only, and 13\/49 had head turn, head tilt, and body turn. Nearly all dogs with forebrain disease (23\/24), and, all with brainstem and cerebellar disease, had an ipsilateral head turn and body turn (if present). In the cerebellar group, all head tilts were contralateral to the lesion location. In the cervical spinal cord group, all head turns, body turns and head tilts were contralateral to the lesion location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A head turn, although most likely associated with, is not exclusively seen with forebrain disease. Certain combinations of head turn, head tilt and body turn suggest a neurolocalization other than the forebrain, with appropriate classification needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T02:54:45Z","timestamp":1703904885000},"page":"268-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The value of a head turn in neurolocalization"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8705-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aran","family":"Nagendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool , Neston,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Veterinary Neurology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Veterinary Neurology, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh , Roslin,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Veterinary Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Hamilton Specialist Referrals Ltd , High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0985-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Su\u00f1ol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus , Roslin,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Brocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wear Referrals Veterinary Hospital , Stockton-on-Tees,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool , Neston,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0001","first-page":"365","article-title":"Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology","author":"de Lahunta","year":"1983"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2009.52.7.705","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and management of abnormal posture of the head and neck","volume":"52","author":"Yim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Korean Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90983-1","article-title":"Evidence for a GABAergic projection from the substantia nigra to the ventromedial thalamus and to the superior colliculus of the rat","volume":"176","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.1961.tb06235.x","article-title":"Autonomic-psychic experimental epilepsy in the cat due to insular and circum-insular lesions","volume":"2","author":"Blum","year":"1961","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16257","article-title":"Acquired cervical scoliosis in two dogs with inflammatory central nervous system disease","volume":"35","author":"Poad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.4.1.48","article-title":"Stimulation of the amygdaloid nuclear complex in unanesthetized cats","volume":"4","author":"Kaada","year":"1954","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.08.025","article-title":"Neurophysiology of dystonia: the role of inhibition","volume":"42","author":"Hallett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.06.018","article-title":"Debunking the pathophysiological puzzle of dystonia\u2013with special reference to botulinum toxin therapy","volume":"17","author":"Ka\u0148ovsk\u00fd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90885-X","article-title":"A quantitative rotational model for studying serotonergic function in the rat","volume":"124","author":"Jacobs","year":"1977","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(79)90396-5","article-title":"Rotational responses to serotonergic and dopaminergic agonists after unilateral dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle: Co-operative interactions of serotonin and dopamine in neostriatum","volume":"25","author":"Waddington","year":"1979","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1988.11739843","article-title":"Spasmodic torticollis-like posture and caudate nucleus monoamine in cats: in vivo dialysis study","volume":"10","author":"Miyake","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02862.x","article-title":"Clinical and topographic magnetic resonance characteristics of suspected brain infarction in 40 dogs","volume":"20","author":"Garosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.03.024","article-title":"Clinical and topographic magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of suspected thalamic infarcts in 16 dogs","volume":"188","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)91359-8","article-title":"The ventral lateral thalamic nucleus in the dog: Cytoarchitecture, acetylthiocholinesterase histochemistry, and cerebellar afferents","volume":"271","author":"Sakai","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0015","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical, including sensory-related, afferents to the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus of the cat","volume":"25","author":"Irle","year":"1984","journal-title":"J fur Hirnforschung"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00255236","article-title":"The pathways responsible for the characteristic head posture produced by lesions of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in the cat","volume":"68","author":"Fukushima","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236531","article-title":"Interstitial-vestibular interaction in the control of head posture","volume":"57","author":"Fukushima","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000101154","article-title":"Spasmodic head movements produced by destruction of unilateral ventromedial tegmentum in cats","volume":"48","author":"Mori","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90184-3","article-title":"Unilateral 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and rat rotational behaviour","volume":"67","author":"Blackburn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(83)90326-6","article-title":"Evaluation of head motility and posture in cats with horizontal torticollis","volume":"81","author":"Malouin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-016-0219-2","article-title":"Neurological signs in 23 dogs with suspected rostral cerebellar ischaemic stroke","volume":"58","author":"Thomsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.1925","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a cerebellar medulloblastoma in a heifer","volume":"7","author":"Francesio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0023","first-page":"139","article-title":"Functional studies following lesions of the nucleus interpositus in the rabbit","volume":"67","author":"Snider","year":"1940","journal-title":"Bull Hopkins Hosp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00849.2003","article-title":"Trunk position influences vestibular responses of fastigial nucleus neurons in the alert monkey","volume":"91","author":"Kleine","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0025","article-title":"Disorders of hearing and balance: the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) and associated structures","author":"Sanders","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.08.909","article-title":"Acquired scoliosis associated with hydromyelia and syringomyelia in two dogs","volume":"189","author":"Child","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0027","first-page":"77","article-title":"Lower motor neuron: spinal nerve, general somatic efferent system","volume":"1","author":"De Lahunta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Neuroanatomy Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.4.562","article-title":"Acquired cervical scoliosis attributed to Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in an alpaca","volume":"229","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-1-34","article-title":"Syringohydromyelia in cavalier king Charles spaniels","volume":"36","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.4.2786","article-title":"Responses of neurons of the cat central cervical nucleus to natural neck and vestibular stimulation","volume":"76","author":"Thomson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.11.1540","article-title":"Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation\u2013a cause of torticollis","volume":"133","author":"Sundseth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00533.x","article-title":"Structural and functional anatomy of the neck musculature of the dog (Canis familiaris)","volume":"208","author":"Sharir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2015.02.003","article-title":"Pisa syndrome associated with clozapine: a rare case report and literature review","volume":"3","author":"Faridhosseini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine Deformity"},{"key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216030-00003","article-title":"Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (Pleurothotonus) epidemiology and management","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812469294","article-title":"Torticollis","volume":"28","author":"Tomczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020304054263800_jvim16957-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00012","article-title":"Adult scoliosis: a quantitative radiographic and clinical analysis","volume":"27","author":"Schwab","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/1\/268\/66663156\/jvim16957.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/1\/268\/66663156\/jvim16957.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:05:51Z","timestamp":1770109551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/38\/1\/268\/8448670"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16957","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}