{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T03:46:54Z","timestamp":1775965614528,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":764,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["2022R1F1A1059721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1059721"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00232301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00232301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000232301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000232301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypomagnesemia is associated with a poor prognosis in humans with congestive heart failure (CHF), but studies in veterinary medicine are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum ionized magnesium concentration [iMg2+] would decrease as CHF progresses compared with the initial diagnostic levels and that lower [iMg2+] would be negatively associated with prognosis in dogs with CHF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 181 client-owned dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) were included. They were classified into the preclinical stage (NO-CHF, n\u2009=\u2009108), stage C (n\u2009=\u200942), and stage D (n\u2009=\u200931) based on the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine MMVD classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study from 2 referral centers. The [iMg2+] was compared among the NO-CHF, stage C, and stage D groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to compare the incidence of death between groups. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association of hypomagnesemia with the death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the stage D group, the [iMg2+] was lower than that in the NO-CHF (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) and stage C groups (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.003). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the 1-year cumulative survival rate in hypomagnesemic dogs was 53% compared with 91.5% in normomagnesemic dogs (log-rank test, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). In the multivariable Cox analysis, lower concentration of [K+] and [iMg2+], along with higher Evel, were associated with negative prognoses. Specifically, hypomagnesemia was associated with an approximately 4-fold increased risk of death (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20094.015; 95% confidence interval, 1.537-10.488; P\u2009=\u2009.005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing the [iMg2+] might serve as a potential marker for estimating the severity and prognosis indirectly in dogs with MMVD. Combining [iMg2+] measurement with other diagnostic methods, such as echocardiography, could improve the prognostic evaluation of MMVD in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T12:48:41Z","timestamp":1702039721000},"page":"41-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical relevance of serum ionized magnesium concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3369-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ock-Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Gwangju,","place":["Republic of 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