{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:23:54Z","timestamp":1790029434292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":764,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Echocardiographic measurements are important prognostic indicators but might be influenced by heart rate and blood pressure. This is particularly important when comparing repeated examinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effect of physiological stress at mildly increased heart rates and pharmacological challenge using IV administration of N-butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizol sodium on heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty healthy Warmblood horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized crossover study. Horses were examined echocardiographically by 2-dimensional, M-mode, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and PW tissue Doppler imaging with simultaneous ECG recording and noninvasive blood pressure measurements during rest, physiological stress, and pharmacological challenge. Cardiac dimensions and functions were measured by a blinded observer. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean heart rate and arterial blood pressure were significantly higher during physiological stress (46\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009bpm, 93\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009mm Hg) and pharmacological challenge (62\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009bpm, 107\u2009\u00b1\u200917\u2009mm Hg) compared with rest (34\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009bpm, 86\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009mm Hg; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05). Compared with rest, physiological stress resulted in increased left atrial fractional area change (34.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5 vs 27.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1%; P\u2009=\u2009.01) and left ventricular late diastolic radial wall motion velocity (13\u2009\u00b1\u20093 vs 10\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2009cm\/s; P\u2009=\u2009.01) but had no significant effect on most other echocardiographic variables. Compared with rest, pharmacological challenge led to significantly decreased left atrial and diastolic ventricular dimensions (left ventricular internal diameter: 10.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9 vs 10.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009cm; P\u2009=\u2009.01), increased aortic and pulmonary diameters, and ventricular wall thickness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physiological stress at mildly increased heart rates significantly enhanced atrial pump function. Larger heart rate and blood pressure increases during pharmacological challenge resulted in altered cardiac dimensions. This should be taken into account when evaluating echocardiographic measurements at increased heart rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T07:09:25Z","timestamp":1704352165000},"page":"398-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of physiological and pharmacological stress on heart rate, blood pressure, and echocardiographic measurements in healthy Warmblood horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0850-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Dufourni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2361-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Buschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Vernemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Van Steenkiste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5191-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunther","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 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