{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T15:13:45Z","timestamp":1793459625084,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":704,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a disorder of micturition that can occur in dogs of any age, sex, and breed depending on the underlying cause and time of onset. Diagnosis and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs have been described by multiple comprehensive single author review articles, but large prospective clinical trials comparing treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine are lacking. The objectives of this consensus statement therefore are to provide guidelines on both recommended diagnostic testing and treatment for various causes of UI in dogs. Specifically, pathophysiology directly related to the canine urinary system will be reviewed and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges will be addressed. A panel of 12 experts in the field (8 small animal internists [L. Adams, J. Bartges, A. Berent, J. Byron, J. Foster, A. Kendall, S. Vaden, J. Westropp], 2 neurologists [J. Coates, N. Olby], 1 radiologist [G. Oetelaar], and 1 surgeon [C. Adin]) was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer-reviewed literature and to complement it with consensus recommendations using the Delphi method. Some statements were not voted on by all panelists. This consensus statement aims to provide guidance for management of both male and female dogs with underlying storage or voiding disorders resulting in UI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T04:09:52Z","timestamp":1705118992000},"page":"878-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["ACVIM consensus statement on diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Kendall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodi L.","family":"Westropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of CA Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan R.","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelly","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Adin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Oetelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency (CARE) Centre , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe W.","family":"Bartges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7300-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friendship Hospital for Animals , Washington, DC,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry G.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine 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