{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:06:55Z","timestamp":1770156415499,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":704,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pseudoabducens paralysis resulting in resting medial strabismus (esotropia) is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in people. To date, esotropia has been reported in dogs in association with ipsilateral abducens neuropathy or extraocular myopathy, but not secondary to thalamic lesions. A 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie and a 12-year-old female neutered cross-breed dog were presented with peracute nonprogressive vestibular ataxia. Neurological examination identified right esotropia, nonambulatory tetraparesis, right head tilt, vestibular ataxia and nystagmus. Lesions in both dogs were localized to the vestibular system with thalamic involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain identified a left paramedian thalamic lacunar ischemic infarct in both dogs. Interruption of descending inhibitory pathways that decussate in the subthalamic region and innervate the contralateral motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve leads to hypertonicity of the medial rectus. These cases indicate that esotropia is a rare but highly localizing sign in dogs with contralateral thalamic infarcts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:24:02Z","timestamp":1704950642000},"page":"1146-1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest associated with contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in 2 dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Liatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London , Hatfield,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-1663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis N.","family":"Plessas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Veterinary Specialists , Hitchin,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, , Hannover,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0240-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London , Hatfield,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.1.72","article-title":"Top of the basilar\u201d syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Caplan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.3.352","article-title":"Abnormal vergence with upper brainstem infarcts: pseudoabducens palsy","volume":"55","author":"Pullicino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2017.01.013","article-title":"Isolated pseudoabducens palsy in acute thalamic stroke","volume":"43","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02862.x","article-title":"Clinical and topographic magnetic resonance characteristics of suspected brain infarction in 40 dogs","volume":"20","author":"Garosi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.03.024","article-title":"Clinical and topographic magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of suspected thalamic infarcts in 16 dogs","volume":"188","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13966","article-title":"Convergence-retraction nystagmus associated with dorsal midbrain lesions in three dogs","volume":"30","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2019.100381","article-title":"Convergence-retraction nystagmus in a dog with presumptive ischemic encephalopathy following acute cervicothoracic myelopathy","volume":"38","author":"Liatis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"2026020304070436200_jvim16986-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.25.4.178","article-title":"Common cranial nerve disorders in dogs and cats: 1. 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