{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:17:37Z","timestamp":1776125857290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myeloma-related disorders (MRDs) are rare and poorly documented neoplasms of cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe clinical, clinicopathologic, and imaging findings, response to treatment, and survival time and to identify factors associated with shorter outcomes in cats with MRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty cats with a diagnosis of MRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats with paraproteinemia confirmed by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and either intramedullary plasmacytosis &amp;gt;10%, marked cytonuclear atypia with intramedullary plasmacytosis that ranged between 5% and 10%, or cytologically or histologically confirmed visceral infiltration were retrospectively included from several veterinary referral centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone marrow plasmacytosis and splenic or hepatic involvement were present in 17\/27 cats (63%), 36\/42 cats (86%), and 27\/38 cats (71%), respectively. Anemia was reported in 33\/49 cats (67%) and thrombocytopenia in 16\/47 cats (34%). Some of the treatments that the cats received included melphalan and prednisolone (n\u2009=\u200919), cyclophosphamide and prednisolone (n\u2009=\u200910), chlorambucil and prednisolone (n\u2009=\u20094), prednisolone (n\u2009=\u20094), or other (n\u2009=\u20094). The overall response rates to melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil in combination with prednisolone were 87%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Adverse events to melphalan or cyclophosphamide occurred in 65% and 23% of cats, respectively. Median survival time was 122\u2009days (range, 0-1403) and was not significantly associated with chemotherapy protocol. Anemia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-9.8) and thrombocytopenia (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0) were risk factors for shorter survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study confirmed the guarded prognosis of MRD in cats and identified risk factors for shorter survival times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T09:55:05Z","timestamp":1711101305000},"page":"1693-1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Descriptive analysis and prognostic factors in cats with myeloma-related disorders: A multicenter retrospective study of 50 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Lorris","family":"Lecot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort\u2013CHUVA, Service de M\u00e9decine Interne , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de m\u00e9decine interne , Marcy l'Etoile,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Desmas-Bazelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Veterinary Specialists , Hitchin,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"De Fornel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Micen Vet , Cr\u00e9teil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Service de canc\u00e9rologie, UR ICE , Marcy l'Etoile,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5928-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Kornya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Desquilbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort, IMRB , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Beaudu-Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de la Pierre bleue , Pipriac,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ibisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris) , Nantes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sayag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onconseil , Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghita","family":"Benchekroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort\u2013CHUVA, Service de M\u00e9decine Interne , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil, INSERM, IMRB , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2400-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"B\u00e9guin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort\u2013CHUVA, Service de M\u00e9decine Interne , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]},{"name":"UMR1161 VIROLOGIE, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0001","first-page":"739","article-title":"Small Animal Clinical Oncology","author":"Vail","year":"2020","edition":"6th ed."},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0002","first-page":"21","article-title":"A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms","volume":"5","author":"Engle","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-0279(77)50010-X","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathies","volume":"7","author":"MacEwen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08573.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma 2011","volume":"154","author":"Bird","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x","article-title":"Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group","volume":"121","author":"International Myeloma Working Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0006","first-page":"206","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in the cat","volume":"4","author":"Drazner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0007","first-page":"146","article-title":"Feline multiple myeloma: literature review and four case reports","volume":"32","author":"King","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust Vet Pract"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2004.12.005","article-title":"Multiple myelomas in cats","volume":"7","author":"Hanna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00754.x","article-title":"Myeloma-related disorders in cats commonly present as extramedullary neoplasms in contrast to myeloma in human patients: 24 cases with clinical follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Mellor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2005.tb00059.x","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study","volume":"34","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-2-159","article-title":"Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and cytologic analysis of feline myeloma-related disorders: further evidence for primary extramedullary development in the cat","volume":"45","author":"Mellor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6216","article-title":"Clinical signs, treatment, and outcome in cats with myeloma-related disorder receiving systemic therapy","volume":"51","author":"Cannon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15084","article-title":"Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs","volume":"32","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.188.11.1288","article-title":"Prognostic factors for multiple myeloma in the dog","volume":"188","author":"Matus","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0015","article-title":"The evolution of prognostic factors in multiple myeloma","volume":"2017:1-11","author":"Hanbali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Hematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0016","first-page":"10","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"1046","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14304","article-title":"Advances in understanding prognosis in myeloma","volume":"175","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0018","first-page":"376","article-title":"Factors affecting outcome of patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Basit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2000.90221.x","article-title":"Renal failure in multiple myeloma: reversibility and impact on the prognosis","volume":"65","author":"Knudsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0020","first-page":"9219","article-title":"Early mortality after diagnosis of multiple myeloma: analysis of patients entered onto the United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials between 1980 and 2002\u2014Medical Research Council Adult Leukaemia Working Party","volume":"23","author":"Augustson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.131","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of renal failure in multiple myeloma","volume":"22","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp488","article-title":"Presentation and survival of patients with severe acute kidney injury and multiple myeloma: a 20-year experience from a single centre","volume":"25","author":"Haynes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12231212","article-title":"Kidney disease and multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Heher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1994.tb00190.x","article-title":"Renal function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma\u2014a demographic study of 1353 patients","volume":"53","author":"Knudsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2013.08.009","article-title":"Myeloma-related kidney disease","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2015.08.002","article-title":"Trends in survival of multiple myeloma: a thirty-year population-based study in a single institution","volume":"39","author":"R\u00edos-Tamayo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1978-8","article-title":"Predicting survival for multiple myeloma patients using baseline neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio","volume":"93","author":"Kelkitli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22107","article-title":"Pretreatment neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio but not platelet\/lymphocyte ratio has a prognostic impact in multiple myeloma","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22032","article-title":"The predictive role of the neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio in survival with multiple myeloma: a single center experience","volume":"31","author":"Onec","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2462-4","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) improves the risk assessment of ISS staging in newly diagnosed MM patients treated upfront with novel agents","volume":"94","author":"Romano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18792","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13320","article-title":"Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and decreased platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22004","article-title":"The prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"30","author":"Wongrakpanich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2005.00532.x","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in elderly patients: prognostic factors and outcome","volume":"75","author":"Anagnostopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12407","article-title":"A new staging system to predict prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma in an era of novel therapeutic agents","volume":"94","author":"Iriuchishima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1226166","article-title":"A retrospective analysis to examine factors associated with mortality in Medicare beneficiaries newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma","volume":"32","author":"Yusuf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.283","article-title":"Veterinary cooperative oncology group \u2013 common terminology criteria for adverse events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats v1.1","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Comp Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","article-title":"Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma","volume":"78","author":"Kyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi133","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt297","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"24","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03484-1","article-title":"A feline case of multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib","volume":"18","author":"Tani","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.07.006","article-title":"Bleeding diathesis in canine multiple myeloma and prognostic implications: a cohort study in 156 dogs","volume":"125","author":"Caldin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.927","article-title":"Multiple myeloma involving the gastrointestinal tract in an English Springer Spaniel","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12015","article-title":"Hemophagocytic syndrome in a cat with multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Dunbar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2008.00064.x","article-title":"Erythrophagocytic multiple myeloma in a cat","volume":"37","author":"Webb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01017.x","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in cats: a retrospective study of 41 cases","volume":"7","author":"Jordan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2000.00125.x","article-title":"Multiple myeloma and immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-013-0893-0","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as initial and major presentation of multiple myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21646","article-title":"TTP disease course is independent of myeloma treatment and response","volume":"85","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32830610ee","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with multiple myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Alpay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0841-4","article-title":"Serum albumin level is a significant prognostic factor reflecting disease severity in symptomatic multiple myeloma","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.6.526","article-title":"Prognostic significance of absolute lymphocyte count\/absolute monocyte count ratio at diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"47","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Pathol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390150095018","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114392","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin 6, a potent myeloma cell growth factor, as a reflect of disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias","volume":"84","author":"Bataille","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1985.tb00794.x","article-title":"Beta-2-microglobulin: a valuable parameter of stage, prognosis and response to treatment in myelomatosis","volume":"35","author":"Bjerrum","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1990.tb07790.x","article-title":"Long-term prognostic value of serum \u03b22 microglobulin in myelomatosis","volume":"75","author":"Cuzick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.47.552.635","article-title":"Factors influencing the prognosis in myelomatosis","volume":"47","author":"Dawson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197509)36:3<842::AID-CNCR2820360303>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival","volume":"36","author":"Durie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.4.823.823","article-title":"Prognostic value of pretreatment serum beta 2 microglobulin in myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study","author":"Durie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.245","article-title":"Age-associated increased interleukin-6 gene expression, late-life diseases, and frailty","volume":"51","author":"Ershler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2007.08.010","article-title":"Prognostic factors and staging in multiple myeloma","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0061","first-page":"3412","article-title":"International staging system for multiple myeloma","volume":"23","author":"Greipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04456.x","article-title":"A new staging system for multiple myeloma patients based on the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) experience","volume":"122","author":"Jacobson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0063","first-page":"4051","article-title":"Clinical impact of discordance in serum albumin measurements on myeloma international staging system","volume":"26","author":"Kapoor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1995.1076","article-title":"Interleukin-6 inhibits apoptosis of malignant plasma cells","volume":"162","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M71","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.2.M71","article-title":"Guest editorial: what do the serum proteins tell us about our elderly patients?","volume":"56","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15967","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the use of the International Myeloma Working Group response criteria in dogs with secretory multiple myeloma","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020305114186400_jvim17051-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30206-6","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17274","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/3\/1693\/66721494\/jvim17051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/3\/1693\/66721494\/jvim17051.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:11:58Z","timestamp":1770113518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/38\/3\/1693\/8456107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.17051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}