{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T09:39:27Z","timestamp":1770197967092,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":643,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothermia is a cause of neonatal calf death in cold climates. Practical and effective rewarming methods are important for bovine health within affected regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the rewarming rate and blood analytes (glucose, lactate, and cortisol) of calves resuscitated with forced air with warm water bath, with or without oral administration of caffeine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty healthy neonatal Holstein bull calves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized, prospective study, calves born healthy and without history of dystocia were cooled to 32\u00b0C rectal temperature then thermally resuscitated using either forced air rewarming or warm water bath (40\u00b0C) with or without oral administration of caffeine. Rectal temperatures were used to quantify recovery rate. Measurements of glucose, lactate, and cortisol were recorded for every 2\u00b0C change in rectal temperature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rectal temperature decline (0.03\u00b0C per minute) and total cooling time (191.0\u2009\u00b1\u200933.3\u2009minutes) did not significantly differ among treatment groups. Calves were successfully resuscitated to 38\u00b0C by either method. Time required to euthermia using warm water was significantly faster (0.1\u00b0C per minute; 64.3\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8\u2009minute; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05) than forced air (0.05\u00b0C per minute; 123.1 \u00b1\u200920.0\u2009minutes). Caffeine had no significant effect on resuscitation rate (P\u2009=\u2009.14; 95% CI, \u22120.002 to 0.024) in either treatment; however, caffeine was associated with reduced time to euthermia by 8.3 and 10.8\u2009minutes, respectively. Changes in metabolic variables (glucose, lactate, and cortisol), were inversely related to rectal temperature with no statistical significance among rewarming methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although warm water submersion is faster, forced air rewarming is an effective alternative for restoration of euthermia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:39:09Z","timestamp":1714437549000},"page":"1941-1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Randomized comparison between a forced air system and warm water bath for resuscitation of neonatal hypothermic calves with or without oral administration of caffeine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Adam T.","family":"Copeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Kreuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Dewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Dewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Wiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingnan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Mochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Ames, Iowa,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, 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