{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:36:15Z","timestamp":1787884575086,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":582,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Companion Animals","award":["ECVIM-CA CSF 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECVIM-CA CSF 2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rate control (RC; meanHRHolter\u2009\u2264\u2009125\u2009bpm) increases survival in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate echocardiographic and biomarker differences between RC and non-RC (NRC) dogs. Determine if changes post-anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD) predict successful RC in subsequent Holter monitoring. Evaluate if early vs late RC affects survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-two dogs with AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Holter-derived mean heart rate, echocardiographic and biomarker variables from dogs receiving AAD were analyzed prospectively at each re-evaluation and grouped into RC or NRC. The primary endpoint was successful RC. Between group comparisons of absolute values, magnitude of change from admission to re-evaluations and end of study were performed using Mann-Whitney tests or unpaired t-tests. Logistic regression explored variables associated with inability to achieve RC at subsequent visits. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare survival time of early vs late RC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At visit 2, 11\/52 dogs were RC; at visit 3, 14\/52 were RC; and at visit 4, 4\/52 were RC. At the end of study, 25\/52 remained NRC. At visit 2, both groups had increased cardiac dimensions, but NRC dogs had larger dimensions; biomarkers did not differ. At the end of study, RC showed decreased cardiac dimensions and end-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) compared with NRC. No variables were useful at predicting RC success in subsequent visits. Survival analysis found no differences between early vs late RC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RC dogs had decreased cardiac dimensions and NT-proBNP, suggesting HR-mediated reverse-remodeling might benefit survival, even with delayed RC achievement. Pursuit of RC is crucial despite initial failures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:46:28Z","timestamp":1718412388000},"page":"2076-2088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal analysis of echocardiographic and cardiac biomarker variables in dogs with atrial fibrillation: The optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation II study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigite","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley , Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52 , Braga 4715-380,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, 166 College Road , Harrow, Middlesex HA1 1BH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"ICBAS \u2013 Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , Porto 4050-313,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Mavropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plakentia Veterinary Clinic, Al. Panagouli 31, Ag. Paraskevi , Athens 153 43,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St. Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Linney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley , Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village, Paragon Way, Red Hall Cres , Wakefield WF1 2DF,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Shirley , Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio do Bom Jesus, Avenida General Carrilho da Silva Pinto 52 , Braga 4715-380,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd, 166 College Road , Harrow, Middlesex HA1 1BH,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Hospital Veterinario de Aveiro, Avenida da Universidade 215 , Aveiro 3810-489,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Dukes-McEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, , Neston CH64 2UQ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Fontes-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacological Research and Drug Innovation (MedInUP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVET), ICBAS \u2013 Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology, , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R.","family":"Gelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St. Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0001","first-page":"111","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: clinical findings in 81 cases","volume":"22","author":"Bonagura","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS","volume":"50","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1515\/jvetres-2017-0013","article-title":"Prevalence of arrhythmias in dogs examined between 2008 and 2014","volume":"61","author":"Noszczyk-Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2005.07.002","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in dogs with and without structural or functional cardiac disease: a retrospective study of 109 cases","volume":"7","author":"Menaut","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105535","article-title":"The role of atrial fibrillation as a prognostic factor in doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure","volume":"264","author":"Friederich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13800","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as a prognostic indicator in medium to large-sized dogs with myxomatous mitral valvular degeneration and congestive heart failure","volume":"30","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16666","article-title":"Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation-ORCA study-multicenter prospective observational study: prognostic impact and predictors of rate control","volume":"37","author":"Pedro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00258-4","article-title":"Electrical, contractile and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation","volume":"54","author":"Allessie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072767.89944.6E","article-title":"Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.045","article-title":"Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"73","author":"Huizar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310391","article-title":"Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of tachycardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00592-X","article-title":"Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a review of animal models and clinical studies","volume":"29","author":"Shinbane","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2019.05.004","article-title":"Irish wolfhounds with subclinical atrial fibrillation: progression of disease and causes of death","volume":"24","author":"Vollmar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.04.045","article-title":"The use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation and dyspnea","volume":"136","author":"Breidthardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2018.03.021","article-title":"Role of NT-proANP and NT-proBNP in patients with atrial fibrillation: association with atrial fibrillation progression phenotypes","volume":"15","author":"B\u00fcttner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq491","article-title":"Minor elevations in troponin i are associated with mortality and adverse cardiac events in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Van Den Bos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2006.00366.x","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and plasma troponin I elevation after cardiac surgery: relation to inflammation-associated parameters","volume":"22","author":"Knayzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4901.101760","article-title":"C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"104","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0261-4","article-title":"Measurement of blood pressure in people with atrial fibrillation","volume":"33","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15562","article-title":"Echocardiographic quantitation of left heart size and function in 122 healthy dogs: a prospective study proposing reference intervals and assessing repeatability","volume":"33","author":"Visser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01051.x","article-title":"Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargement","volume":"43","author":"Hansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02252.x","article-title":"Evaluation of four 2-dimensional echocardiographic methods of assessing left atrial size in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Rishniw","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"Cornell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02496.x","article-title":"M-mode echocardiographic ratio indices in normal dogs, cats, and horses: a novel quantitative method","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1992.tb00162.x","article-title":"Doppler echocardiography in the normal dog: Part I Velocity findings and flow patterns","volume":"33","author":"Kirberger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1447","article-title":"Effects of age, body weight, and heart rate on transmitral and pulmonary venous flow in clinically normal dogs","volume":"62","author":"Schober","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12363","article-title":"Evaluation of in-hospital electrocardiography versus 24-hour Holter for rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation","volume":"56","author":"Gelzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14896","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the effect of heart rate on survival in dogs with atrial fibrillation","volume":"32","author":"Pedro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2013.07.004","article-title":"Ventricular rate control of atrial fibrillation in heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Rienstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0301.x","article-title":"Combination therapy with digoxin and diltiazem controls ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation in dogs better than digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy: a randomized crossover study in 18 dogs","volume":"23","author":"Gelzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0031","first-page":"521","article-title":"Pharmacologic control of heart rate in atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Falk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.06.002","article-title":"An update on calcium channel blocker toxicity in dogs and cats","volume":"48","author":"Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00288-1","article-title":"Differential efficacy of L- and T-type calcium channel blockers in preventing tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling in dogs","volume":"49","author":"Fareh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa007","article-title":"Role of atrial arrhythmia and ventricular response in atrial fibrillation induced atrial remodelling","volume":"117","author":"Guichard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00377-7","article-title":"Remodeling of atrial dimensions and emptying function in canine models of atrial fibrillation","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.032","article-title":"Evidence of atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to atrial fibrillation: reversal with arrhythmia control","volume":"58","author":"Gertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0592.x","article-title":"Detection of congestive heart failure in dogs by doppler echocardiography","volume":"24","author":"Schober","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040839","article-title":"Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: diastolic function differences depending on left ventricle ejection fraction","volume":"12","author":"Horodinschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0039","first-page":"21","article-title":"Clinical Echocardiography of the Dog and Cat","author":"de Madron","year":"2015","edition":"1st ed."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6613","article-title":"Changes in left ventricular filling in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Naji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.08.038","article-title":"Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathies mechanisms, recognition, and management","volume":"66","author":"Gopinathannair","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22281","article-title":"Improved rate control reduces cardiac troponin T levels in permanent atrial fibrillation","volume":"37","author":"Ulimoen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.4.857","article-title":"Experimental congestive heart failure produced by rapid ventricular pacing in the dog: cardiac effects","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2012.01.008","article-title":"Prediction of first onset of congestive heart failure in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: the PREDICT cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Reynolds","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2009.00889.x","article-title":"N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diameter independently predict mortality in dogs with mitral valve disease","volume":"51","author":"Moonarmart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16584","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic role of L wave and selected clinical and echocardiographic variables in dogs with atrial fibrillation","volume":"37","author":"Romito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15093","article-title":"Prognostic value of echocardiographic indices of left atrial morphology and function in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease","volume":"32","author":"Baron Toaldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14885","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of quality of life, clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease receiving pimobendan or placebo: the EPIC study","volume":"32","author":"Boswood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0428.x","article-title":"Cardiac troponin I is associated with severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease, age, and C-reactive protein in dogs","volume":"24","author":"Ljungvall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0050","first-page":"20","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in dogs with advanced-stage heart failure","volume":"60","author":"Svete","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12472","article-title":"Relationship of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentrations to heart failure classification and cause of respiratory distress in dogs using a 2nd generation ELISA assay","volume":"29","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.082","article-title":"N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation)","volume":"61","author":"Hijazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038729","article-title":"Cardiac biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) substudy","volume":"125","author":"Hijazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1332-1","article-title":"Independent effect of atrial fibrillation on natriuretic peptide release","volume":"108","author":"Sramko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00382-4","article-title":"Myocardial cell death in fibrillating and dilated human right atria","volume":"34","author":"Aim\u00e9-Semp\u00e9","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv001","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: effects beyond the atrium?","volume":"105","author":"Wijesurendra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.11.009","article-title":"Association between resting heart rate and inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen) (from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis)","volume":"113","author":"Whelton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.108688","article-title":"The role of the post-cardioversion time course of hs-CRP levels in clarifying the relationship between inflammation and persistence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"94","author":"Kallergis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.03.087","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation-induced cardiac troponin I release","volume":"168","author":"Parwani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00440.2013","article-title":"Chronic atrial fibrillation causes left ventricular dysfunction in dogs but not goats: experience with dogs, goats, and pigs","volume":"305","author":"Dosdall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2008.02.042","article-title":"Atrial and ventricular fibrosis induced by atrial fibrillation: evidence to support early rhythm control","volume":"5","author":"Avitall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux027","article-title":"Is echocardiography valid and reproducible in patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Kotecha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304083621600_jvim17120-bib-0063","first-page":"171","article-title":"NT-proBNP as a diagnostic marker in dogs with dyspnea and in asymptomatic dogs with heart murmur","volume":"40","author":"Ha\u00dfdenteufel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/4\/2076\/66663497\/jvim17120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/38\/4\/2076\/66663497\/jvim17120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:08:56Z","timestamp":1770109736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/38\/4\/2076\/8448721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.17120","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}