{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:16:08Z","timestamp":1773087368666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":459,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functionality of human adrenal tumors is inferred by CYP11B1 (cortisol synthase) expression, CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) expression, or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonfunctional canine adrenal tumors have low expression of steroidogenic enzymes, whereas aldosterone-producing tumors express CYP11B, and cortisol-producing tumors express both CYP11B and CYP17.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two client-owned dogs with adrenocortical tumors (ACT) (8 nonfunctional, 7-cortisol producing, 2 aldosterone-producing and 5 functional noncortisol producing) and 2 dogs with normal adrenal glands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series. Adrenal functionality was determined from clinical signs and endocrine testing. CYP11A1, CYP11B, CYP17, and HSD3B2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adrenal tissue. Protein expression was semiquantified by 2 blinded observers using H-scoring (results reported as median [range]) and compared in nonfunctional and cortisol-producing adrenal tumors by Mann-Whitney U tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CYP11A1, CYP11B, and HSD3B2 were present within all cortical layers of normal adrenal glands, and CYP17 was expressed within the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Expression of CYP11A1 (191.25 [97.5-270] vs. 175 [102.5-295] P\u2009=\u2009.69), CYP11B (190 [130-265] vs. 147.5 [95-202.5]; P\u2009=\u2009.07), CYP17 (177.5 [87.5-240] vs. 247.5 [55-292.5]; P\u2009=\u2009.40), and HSD3B2 (230 [47.5-295] vs. 277.5 [67.5-295]; P\u2009=\u2009.34) were not significantly different between cortisol-producing and nonfunctional ACT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest it is not possible to determine functionality of canine ACT by immunohistochemistry for steroidogenic enzymes. Tumor size cannot be used to infer functionality of adrenal tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T10:51:53Z","timestamp":1728557513000},"page":"3070-3078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunohistochemical expression of CYP11A1, CYP11B, CYP17, and HSD3B2 in functional and nonfunctional canine adrenocortical tumors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2275-8563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Allan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, University of London Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Hertfordshire,","place":["United 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