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A recurrent neural network algorithm, originally trained for heart murmur detection in humans, was fine-tuned on a subset of the dog data to predict the cardiologist's murmur grade from the audio recordings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The algorithm detected murmurs of any grade with a sensitivity of 87.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.8%-92.1%) and a specificity of 81.7% (95% CI, 72.8%-89.0%). The predicted grade exactly matched the cardiologist's grade in 57.0% of recordings (95% CI, 52.8%-61.0%). The algorithm's prediction of loud or thrilling murmurs effectively differentiated between stage B1 and B2 preclinical MMVD (area under the curve [AUC], 0.861; 95% CI, 0.791-0.922), with a sensitivity of 81.4% (95% CI, 68.3%-93.3%) and a specificity of 73.9% (95% CI, 61.5%-84.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A machine-learning algorithm trained on humans can be successfully adapted to grade heart murmurs in dogs caused by common cardiac diseases, and assist in differentiating preclinical MMVD. The model is a promising tool to enable accurate, low-cost screening in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T06:59:52Z","timestamp":1729493992000},"page":"2994-3004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A machine-learning algorithm to grade heart murmurs and stage preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3361-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Engineering, , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8128-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Novo Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"North Downs Specialist Referrals , Bletchingley,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catheryn","family":"Partington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Cambridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve J. 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