{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:24:13Z","timestamp":1791235453301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":459,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with internal hydrocephalus do not necessarily have high intraventricular pressure (IVP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not all reported MRI findings indicate high IVP and some clinical signs might be associated with elevated IVP and syringomyelia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-three dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Clinical signs and MRI findings were evaluated for an association of IVP &amp;gt;12\u2009mm\u2009Hg and syringomyelia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High IVP was associated with obtundation OR 4.64 (95% CI 1.27-16.93) (P\u2009=\u2009.02), head tilt OR 6.42 (95% CI 1.08-37.97) (P\u2009=\u2009.04) and nystagmus OR 8.24 (95% CI 1.44-47.07) (P\u2009=\u2009.02). Pain was associated with syringomyelia OR 3.4 (95% CI 0.98-11.78) (P\u2009=\u2009.05). The number of affected ventricles was associated with high IVP OR 2.85 (95% CI 0.97-8.33) (P\u2009=\u2009.05) and syringomyelia OR 12.74 (95% CI 2.93-55.4) (P\u2009=\u2009.0007). Periventricular edema OR 24.46 (95% CI 4.54-131.77), OR 7.61 (95% CI 1.91-30.32) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0002, P\u2009=\u2009.004) and signal void sign OR 17.34 (95% CI 4.01-74.95), OR 4.18 (95% CI 1.16-15.02) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001, P\u2009=\u2009.03) were associated with high IVP and syringomyelia. The probability for syringomyelia is lower with disruption of the internal capsule OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.05-0.72) (P\u2009=\u2009.01) and higher VBR OR 0.25 (95% CI 0.1-0.63) (P\u2009=\u2009.004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previously reported MRI findings are not predictive of high IVP. Clinical signs and MRI findings should be used to make a diagnosis of internal hydrocephalus in dogs with or without high IVP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T23:14:50Z","timestamp":1730416490000},"page":"3119-3128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association among raised intraventricular pressure, clinical signs, and magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with congenital internal hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6007-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Farke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 108 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Giessen 35392,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Olszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 108 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Giessen 35392,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"B\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig-University-Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-4737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 108 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Giessen 35392,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.09.008","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats","volume":"40","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0002","first-page":"53","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in animals","volume":"12","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatric Hydrocephalus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0003","article-title":"Intraoperative measurement of intraventricular pressure in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus","volume":"14","author":"Kolecka","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intracranial pressure monitoring in normal dogs using subdural and intraparenchymal miniature strain-gauge transducers","volume":"33","author":"Sturges","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-014-0333-5","article-title":"Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: an update","volume":"5","author":"Kartal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197010152831608","article-title":"Acute hydrocephalus","volume":"283","author":"Milhorat","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70227-0","article-title":"Acute obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death in children","volume":"29","author":"Shemie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140000196","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in young adults with chronic hydrocephalus","volume":"114","author":"Rickert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0009","first-page":"195","article-title":"Emergency Neuroradiology","author":"Bonetti","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-9-18","article-title":"Pediatric hydrocephalus outcomes: a review","volume":"9","author":"Vinchon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"2026020304141392200_jvim17235-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.37.194.345","article-title":"The natural history of hydrocephalus. 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