{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:25:46Z","timestamp":1792729546226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":398,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whereas restoration of fecal consistency after treatment with clioquinol for chronic diarrhea and free fecal water syndrome has been attributed to its antiprotozoal properties, actions of clioquinol on the colonic bacterial microbiota have not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterize the dynamics of fecal microbial diversity before, during, and after PO administration of clioquinol to healthy horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental prospective cohort study using a single horse group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight healthy adult horses received PO clioquinol (10\u2009g, daily) for 7\u2009days. Feces were obtained daily for 7\u2009days before, during, and after conclusion of treatment, and again 3\u2009months later. Libraries of 16S rRNA V4 region amplicons generated from fecal DNA were sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was undertaken with QIIME2 and statistical analyses included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and permutational multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The richness and composition of the fecal microbiome was altered after administration of clioquinol, reaching a maximum effect by the fifth day of administration. Changes included a 90% decrease in richness, and compensatory expansion of facultative anaerobes including Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Multiple horses had Salmonella cultured from feces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limitations including lack of control group and modest sample size are obviated by robust longitudinal study design and strong effect size associated with drug exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clioquinol has broad-spectrum antibacterial effects on the fecal microbiome of horses, but spares certain bacterial families including several pathogens and pathobionts. Clioquinol should be used with caution in horses, in an environment free of contamination with fecal pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T11:39:11Z","timestamp":1734867551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of orally administered clioquinol on the fecal microbiome of horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mikaila Z.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri (MU) Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, Bond Life Sciences Center , Columbia, Missouri 65201,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8418-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kile S.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Gull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MU Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndon M.","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri (MU) Bioinformatics and Analytics Core, Bond Life Sciences Center , Columbia, Missouri 65201,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, , Columbia, Missouri 65201,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, , Columbia, Missouri 65201,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Missouri Metagenomics Center , Columbia, Missouri 65201,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Scholars Program (VRSP), University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri 65211,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302393951000_jvim17276-bib-0001","first-page":"660","article-title":"Treatment of protozoal equine diarrhea","volume":"61","author":"Stoner","year":"1966","journal-title":"Vet Med Small Anim Clin"},{"key":"2026020302393951000_jvim17276-bib-0002","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Equine intestinal trichomoniasis","volume":"155","author":"Laufenstein-Duffy","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020302393951000_jvim17276-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1970.tb02014.x","article-title":"Diarrhoea in horses with particular reference to a chronic diarrhoea syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Manahan","year":"1970","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302393951000_jvim17276-bib-0004","first-page":"5301","article-title":"Cyathostome coliltis and typhlitis in a filly. 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