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Fecal samples were collected bimonthly. Microbial analysis used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the relative abundance at genus and phylum levels, assess alpha and beta diversity and identify core microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Horses with PPID had decreased relative abundances of Christensenellaceae R-7 group (median; 95% confidence interval [CI]: PPID, 2.04; 1.82-2.35 vs control, 2.54; 2.37-2.76; P\u2009=\u2009.02) and NK4A214 group (PPID, 2.21; 2.02-2.56 vs control, 2.62; 2.44-2.85; P\u2009=\u2009.05), and significant lower abundances of Romboutsia (log2FoldChange\u2009= \u22123.54; P\u2009=\u2009.04) and Peptococcaceae uncultured (log2FoldChange\u2009=\u2009\u22120.89; P\u2009=\u2009.04) by differential abundance analysis. However, the abundance of Fibrobacter (log2FoldChange\u2009=\u20090.74; P\u2009=\u2009.04) was significantly higher in the PPID group. A significant effect of PPID on beta diversity was observed (P\u2009=\u2009.004), whereas alpha diversity varied with months (P\u2009=\u2009.001). Seven unique genera were identified in horses with PPID and 12 in control horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fecal microbial composition is altered in horses with PPID. These findings support the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PPID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T03:40:31Z","timestamp":1737690031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization and comparison of fecal microbiota in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and age-matched controls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Horsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , West Lafayette, 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