{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:19:28Z","timestamp":1791389968402,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of general anesthesia (GA) on less flow-dependent (velocity ratio, velocity time integral [VTI] ratio and indexed pulmonary valve area [iPVA]) and flow-dependent (mean [PVmeanPG] and maximum pressure gradient [PVmaxPG]) indices of severity of pulmonary stenosis (PS) are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the effects of GA on indices of severity of PS in dogs undergoing an interventional procedure (IP). Determine the reproducibility of indices of severity of PS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine dogs with PS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cross-sectional study. Five repeated echocardiograms were performed over 3\u2009days. Day 1: two echocardiograms were performed by 2 different operators. Day 2: echocardiograms were performed before and after GA but before IP. Day 3: an echocardiogram was performed after the IP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After GA, median (IQR) cardiac index (2.1 [1.6\u20132.6] L\/min\/m2), PVmeanPG (45.0 [26.0\u201355.2] mmHg), PVmaxPG (76.6 [46.6\u2013100.3] mmHg) were decreased (p \u00a0\u22640.001) compared to before GA (2.8 [2.2\u20133.0] L\/min\/m2, 55.9 [47.6\u201373.1] mmHg, 96.1 [81.6\u2013127.0] mmHg, respectively). There were no differences (p \u00a0\u22650.35) in velocity ratio, VTI ratio, or iPVA after GA. Intra-operator and inter-operator coefficients of variation (95% CI) were highest for iPVA (13.8% [10.4\u201318.4] and 13.5% [11.0\u201318.4], respectively) and lowest for velocity ratio (9.2% [7.7\u201312.3] and 9.3% [7.7\u201312.4], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PVmeanPG and PVmaxPG might be misleading in states of reduced flow. An integrative assessment of severity of PS that includes less flow-dependent indices is recommended. Reproducibility of indices of severity of PS should be considered when re-evaluating dogs with PS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:38:04Z","timestamp":1741739884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Echocardiographic Evaluation of Indices of Severity of\u00a0Pulmonary Stenosis in Dogs: Reproducibility and Effects of General Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Evan S.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, Colorado,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance 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