{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:06:40Z","timestamp":1787951200401,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Description of antibiotic susceptibility of isolates from dogs and cats with hepatobiliary disease is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria associated with hepatobiliary disease in dogs and cats over a 10\u2009year-period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred nine dogs and cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial species and antibiotic susceptibility data from positive bile and liver tissue cultures were reviewed from both a Veterinary Teaching Hospital and a private laboratory. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was assessed, along with its association with previous antibiotic administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 343 bacterial isolates were included from 310 cultures. Monobacterial cultures were more frequent (91%, 283\/310). Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (67%, 227\/340), with Escherichia coli (49%, 136\/340), Staphylococcus spp. (14%, 47\/340), and Enterococcus spp. (10%, 34\/340) being the most prevalent isolates. Resistance of gram-negative bacteria were: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (33%, 70\/214), aminopenicillins (47%, 96\/205), and fluoroquinolones (16%, 67\/417); for gram-positive bacteria: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (12%, 5\/41), aminopenicillins (16%, 11\/67), and fluoroquinolones (17%, 35\/111). Resistance was significantly higher for aminopenicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, TMPS, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones during 2010\u20132014 compared to 2015\u20132019. MDR isolates comprised 40% (135\/430) of all isolates, 30% (41\/136) of E. coli, and 68% (23\/34) of Enterococcus spp. A significantly higher incidence of MDR bacteria was observed in animals with previous antibiotic treatment (81%, 17\/21) compared to those without (30%, 22\/75; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conducting culture and sensitivity testing remains crucial in dogs and cats suspected of hepatobiliary infection to ensure effective treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:35:03Z","timestamp":1741739703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Associated With Hepatobiliary Disease in Dogs and Cats (2010\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5040-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra T.","family":"Schlachet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Fakult\u00e4t Universit\u00e4t Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri-Jean","family":"Boulouis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioP\u00f4le Alfort, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Beurlet-Lafarge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Small Animal Oncology, Fr\u00e9gis Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire , Gentilly,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-1744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgane A.","family":"Canonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302484094700_jvim70007-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-50934-3.00126-9","volume-title":"Sykes JE: Greene's Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Sykes","year":"2021","edition":"5th ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020302484094700_jvim70007-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13974","article-title":"Bacterial Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, or Both in 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