{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:06:32Z","timestamp":1788307592294,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Greater Stockholm Veterinary Hospital Foundation"},{"name":"Agria Djurf\u00f6rs\u00e4kringar Research Fund","award":["2020-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0014"]}]},{"name":"Sveland Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty dogs in various stages of CKD and a control group of 30 healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional observational study, dogs presenting to a referral hospital and given a diagnosis of CKD using standard methods, and healthy dogs, were included. Urinary cystatin C (uCysC), glucose (uGlu), protein (uProt), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea), sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), chloride (uCl), calcium (uCa), and phosphate (uP) were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. Included analytes were normalized to uCr, FE of electrolytes and urea was calculated, and results compared among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, bodyweight, and sex were not different among groups. Urinary CysC\/uCr and FE of electrolytes increased with IRIS stage. Median (IQR) for uCysC\/uCr was 0.08 (0.04\u20130.25) 10\u22123 in dogs with CKD stage 1 and 0.03 (0.02\u20130.045) 10\u22123 in control dogs (p\u2009=\u20090.0002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary CysC might be a potential marker of early CKD, preferably as part of a panel of urinary markers. FE of electrolytes seemed to depend on the serum creatinine level in dogs with azotemic CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T05:14:50Z","timestamp":1745385290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8295-4208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Selin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"AniCura Albano, Animal Hospital , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inger","family":"Lillieh\u00f6\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4731-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M.","family":"Strage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University Department of Medical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9865-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Pelander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026020302503507700_jvim70090-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.09.004","article-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease in Small Animals","volume":"41","author":"Polzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. 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