{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:05:39Z","timestamp":1770681939216,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ACVIM Holliday Resident Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 50%\u201360% of paraplegic deep pain negative (DPN) dogs secondary to thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL-IVDE) recover ambulation after surgery. Mean F-wave duration has been associated with injury severity in TL-IVDE in dogs, but the relationship to outcome is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the prognostic utility of F-waves in DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE treated surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty client-owned, acutely paraplegic DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE were managed surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-center prospective and observational study. F-waves were performed at baseline (within 24\u2009h post-operatively), 2\u20134\u2009weeks and 3\u2009months post-operatively. Outcome was categorized as successful or unsuccessful, with success defined as independent ambulation at 3\u2009months post-operatively. F-wave variables were compared between dogs with a successful or unsuccessful outcome and over time using generalized estimating equations. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated for baseline F-wave variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>F-waves were well-tolerated in all dogs. Of 30 enrolled dogs, 12 dogs had a successful outcome, 10 dogs were unsuccessful, and 8 dogs were removed from outcome analysis (3 progressive myelomalacia, 1 severe spinal shock, 2 technical error, and 2 unknown outcome). Baseline mean F-wave duration (displayed as median (range)) was longer in unsuccessful dogs (31.7 (11.4\u201360.8)\u2009ms) versus successful dogs (19.6 (10.8\u201327.3)\u2009ms), p\u2009=\u20090.003. Mean F-wave duration &amp;gt;\u200928.5\u2009ms was 70% sensitive (95% confidence interval (CI): 40%\u2013100%) and 100% specific (95% CI: 100%\u2013100%) in predicting an unsuccessful outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>F-waves performed shortly post-operatively could aid in predicting outcomes in DPN dogs secondary to TL-IVDE treated surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T09:47:27Z","timestamp":1744364847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prognostic Utility of F-Waves in Paraplegic Dogs With Absent Pain Perception Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Extrusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Go","family":"Togawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Were","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Population Health Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Timothy","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Liverpool Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Liverpool,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Thomovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026020302503550200_jvim70092-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16480","article-title":"ACVIM Consensus Statement on Diagnosis and Management of Acute Canine Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc 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