{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:54:22Z","timestamp":1789588462629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":217,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information regarding repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is sparse and it is unknown whether brain atrophy occurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether brain atrophy occurs in MUO and evaluate if there is an association between atrophy and survival or relapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three dogs diagnosed with MUO that underwent MRI of the brain on two occasions at least six months apart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study. Interthalamic adhesion thickness to brain height ratio (ITr), lateral ventricle to brain height ratio (LVr), interthalamic adhesion thickness\/brain height to lateral ventricle\/brain height (ITr\/LVr), bicaudate ratio (BCR) and total parenchymal brain volume (TPBV) were measured on both MRI studies and compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen dogs relapsed and four died during the study period. Median time between MRIs was 12\u2009months, and only one imaging study (1\/23) was considered normal on the second scan. All MRI variables measured significantly changed between imaging studies, but only higher TPBV was associated with increased survival (OR\u2009=\u20091.59, CI\u2009=\u20091.006\u20132.51, p\u2009=\u20090.047); no variables were found to be associated with relapse. New lesions were identified in six dogs (four of which also showed contrast enhancing lesions), with 5\/6 of these dogs subsequently relapsing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain atrophy likely occurs in dogs with MUO and is associated with worse outcomes. Clinical relapse might be likely in dogs with new or contrast-enhancing lesions on repeat MRI, so more aggressive treatment should be considered in these dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:05:18Z","timestamp":1749200718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brain Atrophy in Dogs With Meningoencephalitis of\u00a0Unknown Origin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5420-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Department of Veterinary Science, , Neston,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing 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