{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:34:35Z","timestamp":1783719275860,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["JP23K05573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K05573"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy (iPLE) is thought to be associated with a hypercoagulable state and may predispose dogs to thromboembolism (TE). However, little information is available regarding the prevalence of TE in dogs with iPLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimate the prevalence of TE in dogs with iPLE and collect clinical and clinicopathologic data from dogs with iPLE with and without TE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two client-owned dogs with iPLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, descriptive study. Dogs definitively diagnosed with iPLE based on standard diagnostic criteria and histopathology were recruited between January 2019 and February 2024. At the time of gastrointestinal endoscopic examination, dogs with iPLE underwent thoracic and abdominal computed tomography angiography to detect TE. Clinical (e.g., clinical severity, use of corticosteroids) and clinicopathologic (e.g., albumin concentration, coagulation parameters) data were collected from dogs with iPLE with and without TE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thromboembolism was found in 3\/22 dogs (13.6%, 95% confidence interval: 2.9\u201334.9) with iPLE. The three dogs with iPLE and TE had thrombi in the left external iliac artery, pulmonary artery of the right caudal lobe, and main portal vein, respectively. The dogs with thrombi in the left external iliac artery or pulmonary artery did not show any clinical signs associated with TE, whereas the dog with portal vein thrombosis had transudative peritoneal effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated the prevalence of TE in dogs with iPLE. In dogs with iPLE, TE could be underestimated because some affected dogs have subclinical TE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T17:10:17Z","timestamp":1744477817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prospective Estimation of the Prevalence of Thromboembolism in Dogs With Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nene","family":"Oishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, , Ebetsu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-4319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, , Ebetsu,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9721-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Companion Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, , Ebetsu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiwamu","family":"Hanazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, , Ebetsu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, , Ebetsu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomu","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genya","family":"Shinbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.010","article-title":"Canine Protein Losing Enteropathies and Systemic Complications","volume":"51","author":"Allenspach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15406","article-title":"Comparative Pathophysiology and Management of Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"33","author":"Craven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.05.001","article-title":"Prognostic Factors in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"205","author":"Nakashima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.12.1705","article-title":"Comparison of a Chlorambucil-Prednisolone Combination With an Azathioprine-Prednisolone Combination for the Treatment of Chronic Enteopathy With Concurrent Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Dogs: 27 Cases (2007\u20132010)","volume":"242","author":"Dandrieux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0005","article-title":"Canine Chronic Enteropathy-Current State-Of-The-Art and Emerging Concepts","volume":"21","author":"Jergens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16561","article-title":"Incidence of Relapse of Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Dogs and Associated Risk Factors","volume":"36","author":"Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03011.x","article-title":"Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: Evaluation of Risk Factors for Negative Outcome","volume":"21","author":"Allenspach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.1.91","article-title":"Evaluation of Serum Biochemical Marker Concentrations and Survival Time in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"246","author":"Equilino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.703","article-title":"Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia Associated With Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Yorkshire Terriers: Five Cases (1992\u20131998)","volume":"217","author":"Kimmel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1022-7","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D Is Associated With Negative Outcome in Dogs With Protein Losing Enteropathy: A Retrospective Study of 43 Cases","volume":"13","author":"Allenspach","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16595","article-title":"Relationship Between Serum Magnesium, Calcium, and Parathyroid Concentrations in Dogs With Abnormally Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Chronic or Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"37","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12291","article-title":"Clinical Features, Intestinal Histopathology, and Outcome in Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Yorkshire Terrier Dogs","volume":"28","author":"Simmerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6328","article-title":"Thromboembolism in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy With Non-Neoplastic Chronic Small Intestinal Disease","volume":"53","author":"Jacinto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13204","article-title":"2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1- Defining Populations at Risk","volume":"32","author":"deLaforcade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"},{"key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.005","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolic Events in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence and Guidance on Risk in the Post-Hospitalization Setting","volume":"194","author":"Murthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i12.1231","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.12.043","article-title":"Shedding Light on Hemostasis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Lagrange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.53","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Epidemiological Review","volume":"106","author":"Murthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0683.x","article-title":"Hypercoagulability in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy","volume":"25","author":"Goodwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.01.001","article-title":"Histopathological Standards for the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Endoscopic Biopsy Samples From the Dog and Cat: A Report From the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Gastrointestinal Standardization Group","volume":"138","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02450.x","article-title":"A Scoring Index for Disease Activity in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"17","author":"Jergens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0226","article-title":"Diagnostic Utility of Computed Tomographic Angiography in Dogs With Portal Vein Thrombosis","volume":"82","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13315","article-title":"Prevalence of Portal Vein Thrombosis Detected by Computed Tomography Angiography in Dogs","volume":"62","author":"von Stade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04858.x","article-title":"Low Borderline Plasma Levels of Antithrombin, Protein C and Protein S Are Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism","volume":"10","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00005","article-title":"D-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review","volume":"140","author":"Stein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02522.x","article-title":"The Utility of Plasma D-Dimer to Identify Thromboembolic Disease in Dogs","volume":"17","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16828","article-title":"A Prospective Evaluation of the Prevalence of Thromboemboli and Associated Hemostatic Dysfunction in Dogs With Carcinoma or Sarcoma","volume":"37","author":"Pazzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2006.12.015","article-title":"The Dynamic Changes of LDH Isoenzyme 3 and D-Dimer Following Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Canine","volume":"120","author":"Ben","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thrombosis Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2011.00364.x","article-title":"Effect of Prednisone Administration on Coagulation Variables in Healthy Beagle Dogs","volume":"40","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022003483844100_jvim70098-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12162","article-title":"Hypercoagulability and ACTH-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism in Dogs","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/jvim70098\/67011013\/jvim70098.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/jvim70098\/67011013\/jvim70098.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:49:00Z","timestamp":1771577340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/doi\/10.1111\/jvim.70098\/8492806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.70098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jvim70098"}}