{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:51:29Z","timestamp":1791697889649,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Endowed Research Funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited data document long-term responses of equids with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) to pergolide treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Report clinical response, medical problems, outcome, and owner satisfaction with pergolide treatment of PPID-affected equids over 14\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty client-owned equids with PPID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After completion of an open field clinical efficacy study for Prascend\u00ae\u00a0(pergolide tablets), 28 horses and two ponies\u00a0were enrolled in an extended treatment study (13 receiving 2\u2009\u03bcg\/kg PO q24h and 17 receiving 4\u2009\u03bcg\/kg PO q24h). Clients were interviewed every 3\u2009months and equids were re-evaluated after 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 9.5, 12.5, and 14.5\u2009years of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five equids died and 24 were euthanized (five for chronic laminitis) during the study period (median survival time, 3.6\u2009years; range 0.6\u201310.5\u2009years). Seven of 13 equids had a dosage increase to 4\u2009\u03bcg\/kg PO q24h (maximum study dose) between 1.7\u00a0to 4.7\u2009years of the study. After 5.5\u2009years, owners of 13 surviving equids reported sustained clinical improvement and endocrine test results normalized in 75%. After 9.5\u2009years of treatment, only two of six surviving equids had normal endocrine test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term treatment of PPID-affected equids with pergolide produces clinical improvement in nearly all affected animals and normalization of endocrine test results in some cases. Furthermore, this extended treatment study determined that equids can respond favorably long-term to the initial pergolide dose, rather than needing a progressive increase in dose over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:44:49Z","timestamp":1746175489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long-Term Response of Equids With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction to Treatment With Pergolide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"Harold C.","family":"Schott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, Michigan,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Strachota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, Michigan,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith V.","family":"Marteniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, Michigan,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent R.","family":"Refsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0001","article-title":"Age-Related Trends in Demographics of Equids in the United States","author":"Anon. USDA\/APHIS"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00145.x","article-title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Geriatric Horses in the United Kingdom. Part 1: Demographics and Management Practices","volume":"43","author":"Ireland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00638.x","article-title":"A Survey of Aged Horses in Queensland, Australia. Part 2: Clinical Signs and Owner Perceptions of Health and Welfare","volume":"88","author":"McGowan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence, Survival Analysis and Multimorbidity of Chronic Diseases in the General Veterinarian-Attended Horse Population of the UK","volume":"131","author":"Welsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00578.x","article-title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors and Clinical Signs Predictive for Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Aged Horses","volume":"45","author":"McGowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.021","article-title":"A Survey of Health Care and Disease in Geriatric Horses Aged 30\u2009Years or Older","volume":"192","author":"Ireland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0007","first-page":"261","article-title":"Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: An International Survey of Veterinarians' Approach to Diagnosis, Management, and Estimated Prevalence","volume":"81","author":"Carmalt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0008","article-title":"Freedom of Information Summary. Prascend Tablets, Pergolide Mesylate, for the Control of Clinical Signs Associated With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease) in Horses. Original New Animal Drug Application, NADA 141\u2013331","author":"Andrews"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00018-4","article-title":"Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: Equine Cushing's Disease","volume":"18","author":"Schott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0010","first-page":"93","article-title":"Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction","volume":"27","author":"McFarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12160","article-title":"Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"26","author":"Durham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.01.116","article-title":"Effect of Food Deprivation on Baseline Iodothyronine and Cortisol Concentrations in Healthy, Adult Horses","volume":"56","author":"Messer","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0090.x","article-title":"Blood Arginine Vasopressin, Adrenocorticotropin Hormone, and Cortisol Concentrations at Admission in Septic and Critically Ill Foals and Their Association With Survival","volume":"22","author":"Hurcombe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0712.x","article-title":"Seasonal Changes in Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and \u03b1-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Normal, Aged Horses","volume":"25","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0182","article-title":"Hormonal Patterns in Normal and Hyperleptinemic Mares in Response to Three Common Feeding-Housing Regimens","volume":"85","author":"Storer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.01.013","article-title":"Effects of Age on Serum Glucose and Insulin Concentrations and Glucose\/Insulin Ratios in Neonatal Foals and Their Dams During the First 2\u2009Weeks Postpartum","volume":"246","author":"Berryhill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00932.x","article-title":"Diagnostic Frequency, Response to Therapy and Long-Term Prognosis Among Horses and Ponies With Cushing's Disease, 1993\u20132004","volume":"26","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20100416","article-title":"Equines Cushing Syndrom Wirkungen Einer Langzeittherapie mit Pergolide","volume":"26","author":"Pongratz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13041","article-title":"Factors Associated With Survival, Laminitis and Insulin Dysregulation in Horses Diagnosed With Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Horn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0020","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Metabolic and Endocrine Problems of the Horse","author":"van der Kolk","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.06.002","article-title":"Factors Associated With Mortality of Geriatric Horses in the United Kingdom","volume":"101","author":"Ireland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103824","article-title":"Retrospective Analysis of Cause-Of-Death at an Equine Retirement Center in The Netherlands Over an Eight-Year Period","volume":"110","author":"van Proosdij","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0023","first-page":"154","article-title":"Low Dose Pergolide Mesylate Treatment for Equine Hypophyseal Adenomas (Cushing's Syndrome)","volume":"41","author":"Peters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0024","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Michigan Cushing's Project","volume":"47","author":"Schott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAEP"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0025","first-page":"742","article-title":"Treatment With Pergolide or Cyproheptadine of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease)","volume":"16","author":"Donaldson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776250333","article-title":"Plasma Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Concentrations and Clinical Response in Horses Treated for Equine Cushing's Disease With Cyproheptadine or Pergolide","volume":"34","author":"Perkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12963","article-title":"Association Between Hyperinsulinaemia and Laminitis Severity at the Time of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction Diagnosis","volume":"51","author":"Tadros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0028","article-title":"Effect of Pergolide Treatment on Insulin Dysregulation in Horses and Ponies With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"Galinelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01080.x","article-title":"Comparison of Hair Follicle Histology Between Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction and Excessive Hair Growth and Normal Aged Horses","volume":"24","author":"Inner\u00e5","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Dermatology"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.142","article-title":"Pergolide Dosing Compliance and Factors Affecting the Laboratory Control of Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction","volume":"189","author":"Hague","year":"2021","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"2026022003483872200_jvim70109-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14009","article-title":"BEVA Primary Care Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction","volume":"56","author":"Menzies-Gow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/jvim70109\/67011023\/jvim70109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/3\/jvim70109\/67011023\/jvim70109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:48:49Z","timestamp":1771577329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/doi\/10.1111\/jvim.70109\/8492809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.70109","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jvim70109"}}