{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:27:54Z","timestamp":1788848874655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brucella canis is an important cause of discospondylitis in dogs, and brucellosis can be challenging to diagnose. Early recognition could aid in early implementation of precautions to limit zoonotic transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether specific clinical features exist that differentiate Brucella canis infection from other causes of discospondylitis in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen dogs with Brucella canis discospondylitis (cases) and 25 dogs with non-Brucella discospondylitis (controls) evaluated between 2010 and 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-institutional retrospective case\u2013control study. Clinical features in cases were compared to those in temporally matched controls using conditional logistic regression analysis. Neurologic examination findings and radiographic findings were documented by a board-certified neurologist and radiologist who were masked to group identity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No case had a history of being bred or kennel housing. Cases were younger (median, 2.6\u2009years) than controls (median, 5.7\u2009years) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66\u20131.00). There were no differences in sex or breed. Compared to controls, cases had a lower odds of neurologic deficits (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20090.03; 95% CI 0.00\u20130.85), higher odds of C2-C5 involvement (OR\u2009=\u200913.0; 95% CI 1.6\u2013106.7), and higher odds of multiple disc site involvement (OR\u2009=\u200912.0, 95% CI 1.5\u201395.8). They had a lower odds of neutrophilia (OR\u2009=\u20090.11, 95% CI 0.01\u20130.92), a higher median hematocrit (50.6% versus 43.7%; OR\u2009=\u20091.49, 95% CI 1.09\u20132.03), and a higher median lymphocyte count (1.8\u2009\u00d7\u20091000\/\u03bcL vs. 1.1\u2009\u00d7\u20091000\/\u03bcL; OR\u2009=\u20092.39, 95% CI 1.05\u20135.45). There was no difference in the radiographic appearance of lesions between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brucella canis infection should still be considered in cases of discospondylitis regardless of neuter status, sex, and breeding history. Clinical features exist that should increase suspicion for brucellosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:39:33Z","timestamp":1746175173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Features That Increase Suspicion of\n                    <i>Brucella canis<\/i>\n                    Infection in Dogs With Discospondylitis: A Multicenter Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Bartges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey D.","family":"Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin W.","family":"Lashnits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, Wisconsin,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9863-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chai-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay K.","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , St Paul, Minnesota,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, Wisconsin,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6814-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022003513685100_jvim70112-bib-0001","first-page":"74","article-title":"Brucella canis: An Update on Research and 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