{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:43:58Z","timestamp":1790210638320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined measurement of functional, glomerular, and tubular markers in aging dogs is essential to detect early renal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective longitudinal study to describe renal function and assess which biomarkers are associated with the development of early renal disease or death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and twenty-two apparently healthy senior and geriatric dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective longitudinal study. Renal function was evaluated at baseline (T0) and every 6-12 months over 2\u2009years, using systolic blood pressure measurements (SBP) and validated serum (creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, cystatin C [sCysC]), and urinary (specific gravity [USG], protein:creatinine [UPC], albumin:creatinine, retinol-binding protein:creatinine [uRBPcr]) biomarkers. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured in a subgroup. Survival models were used to assess the predictive value of measured biomarkers at baseline for the onset of azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) or death, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 122 dogs were included; follow-up was available in 106 (T12) and 92 (T24); and GFR was estimated in 18 (T0), 11 (T12), and 10 (T24) dogs. Throughout the study, 15\/122 (12%) dogs showed evidence of non-azotemic CKD, and in 11\/106 (10%) dogs, azotemic CKD developed. Proteinuria was not associated with azotemic CKD, in contrast to muscle condition score, functional markers, and uRBPcr. Death was weakly associated with USG, UPC, and sCysC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a 2-year period, 20% (26\/122) of older dogs developed CKD, mostly persistent renal proteinuria (15\/122). Muscle wasting and functional markers combined with uRBPcr had the best predictive value for the onset of azotemic CKD in these older, previously apparently healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:42:19Z","timestamp":1746175339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Longitudinal Study of Renal Health Screening in\u00a0Apparently Healthy Aging Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Marynissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Small Animals, , Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Daminet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Small Animals, , Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biochemistry, Ghent University Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, , Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristel","family":"Demeyere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biochemistry, Ghent University Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, , Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9982-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmelie","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Department of Morphology, , Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joris","family":"Delanghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Department of Clinical Chemistry, , Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab of Biochemistry, Ghent University Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, , 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