{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:24:06Z","timestamp":1771579446418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":171,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LHX3 mutation in dogs is associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. However, ACTH secretion is usually preserved. A 9-week-old female White Swiss Shepherd dog presented with growth retardation and was diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism due to LHX3 mutation. In the 2\u2009years after diagnosis, the dog developed persistent lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Endogenous ACTH measurement, ACTH stimulation test, and CRH stimulation test confirmed pituitary hypocortisolism. The dog was administered physiological doses of prednisolone, with improvement of activity levels. These findings are similar to scarce human reports and suggest that corticotrope function might decline over time in dogs with LHX3 mutations. Awareness and screening for ACTH deficiency in dwarf dogs is important in light of compatible clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities, as treatment with glucocorticoids improves the quality of life of these dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:04:45Z","timestamp":1755695085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pituitary Dwarfism and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency in a White Swiss Shepherd Dog With LHX3 Mutation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Schils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University Small Animal Department, , Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Liege University Small Animal Department, , Li\u00e8ge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Stammeleer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University Small Animal Department, , Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Pride Veterinary Referrals , Derbyshire,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6733-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Daminet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University Small Animal Department, , Ghent,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Liege University Small Animal Department, , Li\u00e8ge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0001","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs","volume":"2","author":"Voorbij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Clinical Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5264.1004","article-title":"Specification of Pituitary Cell Lineages by the LIM Homeobox Gene Lhx3","volume":"272","author":"Sheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0003","article-title":"A Contracted DNA Repeat in LHX3 Intron 5 Is Associated With Aberrant Splicing and Pituitary Dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs","volume":"6","author":"Voorbij","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12448","article-title":"Pituitary Dwarfism in Saarloos and Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs Is Associated With a Mutation in LHX3","volume":"28","author":"Voorbij","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387211007526","article-title":"Dwarfism in Tibetan Terrier Dogs With an LHX3 Mutation","volume":"33","author":"Thaiwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(00)00074-6","article-title":"Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency in German Shepherd Dogs With Dwarfism","volume":"19","author":"Kooistra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Domestic Animal Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0739-7240(95)00066-6","article-title":"Assessment of a Combined Anterior Pituitary Function Test in Beagle Dogs: Rapid Sequential Intravenous Administration of Four Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones","volume":"13","author":"Meij","year":"1996","journal-title":"Domestic Animal Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9940141","article-title":"The Role of Cortisol in Preparing the Fetus for Birth","volume":"6","author":"Liggins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility and Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.10.006","article-title":"Mechanisms Underlying Pituitary Hypoplasia and Failed Cell Specification in Lhx3-Deficient Mice","volume":"313","author":"Ellsworth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/76041","article-title":"Mutations in LHX3 Result in a New Syndrome Revealed by Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Netchine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn114","article-title":"Novel Mutations in LHX3 Are Associated With Hypopituitarism and Sensorineural Hearing Loss","volume":"17","author":"Rajab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1393-x","article-title":"A Novel Mutation of LHX3 Is Associated With Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Including ACTH Deficiency, Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and Short Neck\u2014A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"170","author":"Bonfig","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022003565506600_jvim70193-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2177","article-title":"Four Novel Mutations of the LHX3 Gene Cause Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies With or Without Limited Neck Rotation","volume":"92","author":"Pfaeffle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/jvim70193\/66987368\/jvim70193.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/jvim70193\/66987368\/jvim70193.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:57:05Z","timestamp":1771577825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/doi\/10.1111\/jvim.70193\/8470898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.70193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jvim70193"}}