{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:16:58Z","timestamp":1792063018509,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-08-F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-08-F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201008\u2010F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201008\u2010F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Androgen-dependent cystinuria has been described in intact male dogs. Castration has been recommended to reduce urinary cystine excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary cystine\/creatinine concentration will significantly decrease in dogs with suspected androgen-dependent (Type III) cystinuria after castration and will be associated with a lack of sonographic evidence of urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six intact male dogs with cystine uroliths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, observational study. Urinary amino acid\/creatinine concentrations and abdominal ultrasound were evaluated at baseline (T0), 30\u2009days (T30), and 90\u2009days (T90) after castration and urolith removal. No dietary change was recommended unless urolith recurrence was noted. DNA was evaluated for the cystinuria-associated marker for Type III cystinuria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median decline in urinary cystine\/creatinine (uCys\/creat) concentration from T0 to T30 was 577\u2009nmol\/mg (IQR, 415\u2013969; p\u2009=\u20090.03), from T0 to T90 was 798\u2009nmol\/mg (IQR, 580\u2013989; p\u2009=\u20090.03) and from T30 to T90 was 34\u2009nmol\/mg (IQR, 19.5\u2013443; p\u2009=\u20090.03). Two dogs had small (2.5\u20133\u2009mm) uroliths at T30, which resolved in one of them at T90. Both dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of recurrence at T30 were positive for the cystinuria-associated genetic marker, although no signs of lower urinary tract disease were noted in either dog. Three of 6 enrolled dogs were homozygous positive for the genetic marker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Castration should be considered for intact male dogs with cystine urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:39:39Z","timestamp":1758789579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Urinary Cystine\/Creatinine Concentrations Before and After Castration in Dogs With Suspected Androgen-Dependent Cystine Urolithiasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Molecular Biosciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean E.","family":"Hulsebosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Translational Science Center, UC Davis Health , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jully","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula S.","family":"Henthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodi L.","family":"Westropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16114","article-title":"Urolithiasis in Dogs: Evaluation of Trends in Urolith Composition and Risk Factors (2006-2018)","volume":"35","author":"Kopecny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0002","first-page":"225","article-title":"Canine Urolithiasis: A Look at Over 16 000 Urolith Submissions to the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre From February 1998 to April 2003","volume":"45","author":"Houston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12707","article-title":"Association Between Cystine Urolithiasis and Neuter Status of Dogs Within the UK","volume":"58","author":"Florey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0004","first-page":"11","article-title":"Cystinuria in Dogs and Cats: What Do we Know After Almost 200\u2009Years?","volume":"11","author":"Kovarikova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-023-00711-z","article-title":"A Retrospective Study on Epidemiology and Management of Canine Cystine Uroliths in One Part of Norway From 2015 to 2020","volume":"65","author":"Naeverdal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026021205140728900_jvim70202-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50011-9","article-title":"Canine Cystine Urolithiasis. 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