{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:33:48Z","timestamp":1780479228920,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":171,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neonatal diarrhea accounts for 20%\u201325% of morbidity among calves, and antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) are often administered for treatment. Systematic approaches that mitigate antimicrobial use (AMU) can be effective in decreasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of an algorithmic farm-based intervention that reduced AMU for diarrhea on the community structure of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) identified in the feces of healthy dairy calves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-one fecal dairy calf samples collected at two timepoints and farms (N\u2009=\u20097\u20138 per sampling point) were used. Samples were obtained before AMU reductions and 12\u2009months afterward.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Target-enriched shotgun sequencing was performed to characterize all ARGs in samples. Bioinformatics processing and statistical analysis were performed using the AMR++ pipeline, MEGARes AMR database, and R.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-intervention comparisons showed increased relative abundances (RA) consistent with the AMU on each farm. Intra-farm results showed that on Farm 1, there were significant increases in the RA of ARGs for tetracyclines (22.1%\u201327.4%, q\u2009=\u20090.02) and fluoroquinolones (0%\u20130.1%, q\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) in the Post period. On Farm 2, significant decreases were seen over time in the RA of ARGs for sulfonamides (9.6%\u20135.1%, q\u2009=\u20090.006) and fluoroquinolones (0.77%\u20130.12%, q\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite similar reductions in AMU on both farms, implementing an antimicrobial stewardship algorithm was associated with differing effects on and changes to the fecal resistome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T11:54:48Z","timestamp":1756382088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enriched Shotgun Sequencing to Assess the Effects of Interventions to Reduce Antimicrobial Use in Neonatal Dairy Calves"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Flancman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph Department of Pathobiology, , Guelph, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Doster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University , Canyon, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego E.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abu Dhabi Equine and Camel Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, , Abu Dhabi,","place":["UAE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph Department of Pathobiology, , Guelph, Ontario,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8138-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul S.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach (VERO) Program, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University , Canyon, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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