{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:22Z","timestamp":1787015662790,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":171,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are limited studies on cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treating ectopic ureters in male dogs. Further investigation is needed to assess its safety and efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospectively describe long-term outcomes in male dogs treated using cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of ectopic ureters (CLA-EU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen client-owned male dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of male dogs that had CLA-EU performed were retrospectively reviewed. Continence scores were assigned before and after the procedure. Data collected included signalment, neuter status, age of onset of urinary incontinence, pre- and post-operative continence scores, CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, microbiological urine culture, pre- and post-operative abdominal imaging, EU laterality, concurrent anatomic anomalies, laser type and size used, procedure time, complications, and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The procedure was performed successfully in all 28 ureters in the 18 dogs. Post-operative continence scores were significantly improved from pre-operative scores (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Four (22%) dogs were continent at the time of diagnosis. Of the 14 dogs initially incontinent, 11\/14 (79%) became continent after CLA-EU without additional treatments, and an additional dog became continent with the addition of medications. Preoperatively, 14\/28 kidneys and 17\/28 ureters had evidence of hydronephrosis and hydroureter, respectively. Of the dogs, 10\/14 with hydronephrosis and 12\/17 with hydroureter showed improvement on post-operative ultrasonography. The median follow-up time was 1789\u2009days (range, 98\u20133560).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In male dogs, CLA-EU was a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure with good to excellent short- and long-term outcomes, achieving continence in most dogs and improvement or stabilization of associated hydronephrosis and hydroureter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:35:46Z","timestamp":1757500546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cystoscopic-Guided Laser Ablation of Intramural Ectopic Ureters in Male Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 18 Cases 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