{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:13:13Z","timestamp":1770894793954,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying urolith mineral composition (UMC) is crucial for treatment and prevention; however, current data rely on macroscopic or ex\u00a0vivo studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe in\u00a0vivo radiographic characteristics of canine lower urinary tract (LUT) uroliths and identify discriminating radiographic features among UMC types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and two dogs with LUT uroliths composed of \u2265\u200970% calcium oxalate (n\u2009=\u2009109), struvite (n\u2009=\u200958), or cystine (n\u2009=\u200935).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional study. Radiographs were evaluated for urolith size, shape, surface, borders, internal architecture, and quantitative radiopacity, and also assessed using a ratio of urolith-to-L5 vertebra pixel values (UOR). The diagnostic performance of urolith size and UOR was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Calcium oxalate uroliths were often highly radiopaque, associated with concurrent nephroliths, had unique shapes such as bosselated or spiculated, and less commonly ovoid. Struvite uroliths were larger (median: 15\u2009mm; IQR: 8.1\u201325.8\u2009mm) with a cut-off of \u2265\u200911\u2009mm (AUC\u2009=\u20090.82, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; specificity: 91%, sensitivity: 67%) and were associated with pyramidal shapes or solitary cystoliths. Cystine uroliths had lower radiopacity (median UOR: 0.71; IQR: 0.63\u20130.80), with a cut-off of UOR \u2264\u20090.83 (AUC\u2009=\u20090.81, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; specificity: 67%, sensitivity: 84%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo radiographic characteristics such as size, shape, and radiopacity can help differentiate LUT mineral compositions, enabling non-invasive diagnosis and guiding treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T10:40:40Z","timestamp":1758883240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Radiographic Characteristics Associated With the Mineral Composition of Calcium Oxalate, Struvite, and Cystine Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7147-3633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Pulido Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Diagnostic Imaging, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Motteau-L\u00e9v\u00eaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Maurey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Internal Medicine, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort, INRAE, ANSES, UMR Virology, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Mortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Diagnostic Imaging, \u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anicom.2011.11.001","article-title":"R\u00e9sultats des analyses par spectrom\u00e9trie infrarouge de 1131 calculs urinaires canins pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s de 2007 \u00e0 2010, en France","volume":"47","author":"Blavier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pratique M\u00e9dicale et Chirurgicale De L'animal De Compagnie"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01275.x","article-title":"Analysis of 14,008 Uroliths From Dogs in the UK Over a 10-Year Period","volume":"53","author":"Roe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.09.011","article-title":"Analysis of 451,891 Canine Uroliths, Feline Uroliths, and Feline Urethral Plugs From 1981 to 2007: Perspectives From the Minnesota Urolith Center","volume":"39","author":"Osborne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16114","article-title":"Urolithiasis in Dogs: Evaluation of Trends in Urolith Composition and Risk Factors (2006-2018)","volume":"35","author":"Kopecny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14559","article-title":"ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Recommendations on the Treatment and Prevention of Uroliths in Dogs and Cats","volume":"30","author":"Lulich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021205141783200_jvim70252-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.10.004","article-title":"Nutritional Management of Urolithiasis","volume":"49","author":"Queau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. 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