{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:34:36Z","timestamp":1793331276508,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020968","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020968","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are promising treatments to manage hyperinsulinemia in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SGLT2i velagliflozin decreases insulin concentration in horses with ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Privately-owned adult horses (n\u2009=\u200937) with laboratory-confirmed ID (low-dose oral sugar test insulin concentration\u2009&amp;gt;\u200975 \u03bcIU\/mL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Horses received placebo (n\u2009=\u200919) or velagliflozin 0.3\u2009mg\/kg PO q24h (n\u2009=\u200918) for 20\u2009weeks (Study Period 1, SP1) immediately followed by a 20-week open-label trial where all animals received velagliflozin (SP2). Analysis of resting insulin, glucose, and triglyceride concentrations and body condition score (BCS) was performed between treatment groups and study periods using a Mann\u2013Whitney U test. For SP1, analysis of changes in biochemical analytes over time was performed using generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM). Data are reported as median (interquartile range).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In SP1, GLMM indicated a significant effect of treatment on insulin concentration (71 [33\u2013131] \u03bcIU\/mL in horses receiving velagliflozin and 157 [82\u2013298] \u03bcIU\/mL in horses receiving placebo; p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). The average (95% confidence interval [CI]) effect of velagliflozin treatment on insulin concentration was 155 (90\u2013219) \u03bcIU\/mL. Horses receiving placebo in SP1 had lower insulin (50 [26\u201399] \u03bcIU\/mL) during SP2 (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). All horses experienced a transient increase in serum triglyceride concentration during velagliflozin treatment with no clinical abnormalities reported. In SP1, larger decreases in BCS occurred in horses receiving velagliflozin (median BCS 1 point lower than baseline; p\u2009=\u20090.02) than those receiving placebo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Velagliflozin significantly decreased resting insulin concentrations in horses with ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:05:50Z","timestamp":1759989950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Velagliflozin on Insulin Concentrations in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Thane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University , Grafton, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Voth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA , Duluth, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-8581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Klee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH , Ingelheim am Rhein,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0741-4674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Warnken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH , Ingelheim am Rhein,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Chukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA , Duluth, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University , Starkville, 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