{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:37:03Z","timestamp":1778589423123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016512","name":"Center for Companion Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016512","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Davis and the Sacramento Zoo Conservation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tulathromycin, a long acting macrolide antibiotic, has demonstrated efficacy against respiratory pathogens including <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ycoplasma bovis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0hyopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to evaluate the clinical applicability of tulathromycin in desert tortoises following a single intramuscular dose of 5\u00a0mg\/kg. A single blood sample was collected from 110 different desert tortoises at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 240\u00a0h following drug administration. Plasma concentrations of the parent form of tulathromycin were measured using liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry. As each tortoise was only bled once, pharmacokinetic parameters were initially estimated using a na\u00efve pooled data approach. Given the variability in the data, population\u2010based compartmental modeling was also performed. Using nonparametric population compartmental modeling, a two\u2010compartment model with first\u2010order absorption and elimination best fit the data. An observed <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of 36.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029.7\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/mL was detected at 0.25\u00a0h (observed <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>). The elimination half\u2010life (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\u00bdel<\/jats:sub>) was long (77.1\u00a0h) resulting in detectable plasma concentrations 240\u00a0h postadministration. This study represents a preliminary step in evaluating the utility of tulathromycin in chelonian species and demonstrates that population data modeling offers advantages for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters where sparse data sampling occurs and there is substantial variability in the data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T10:32:49Z","timestamp":1394447569000},"page":"500-507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Population pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular administration of tulathromycin in adult desert tortoises (<i><scp>G<\/scp>opherus agassizii<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M. 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Applied Pharmacokinetics University of Southern California Children's Hospital of Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Tell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan KS 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