{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:40:04Z","timestamp":1746186004651,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The plasma kinetic profile of moxidectin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MXD<\/jats:styled-content>) in ewes during the last third of pregnancy was studied after the subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg\/kg of body weight (bw). Two groups of sheep (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07) that were equally balanced in body weight were used. Group I (control) was maintained unmated, while Group<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>(pregnant) was estrous\u2010synchronized and mated with fertile rams. Both groups were maintained under similar conditions regarding management and feeding. When the ewes from Group<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>fulfilled 120\u00a0days of pregnancy, both groups were treated with a subcutaneous injection of 0.2\u00a0mg of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MXD<\/jats:styled-content>\/kg bw. Blood samples were collected at different set times between 1\u00a0h and 40\u00a0days post\u2010treatment. After plasma extraction and derivatization, the samples were analyzed using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed, and the data were compared using Student's<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters, including<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>,<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>, and the area under the concentration\u2013time curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>), were similar for both groups of sheep. The average of elimination half\u2010life was significantly lower (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0023) in the pregnant (11.49\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2\u00a0days) vs. the control (17.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.84\u00a0days) sheep. Similarly, the mean residence time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRT<\/jats:styled-content>) for the pregnant group (20.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8\u00a0days) was lower (<jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.037) than that observed in the control group (27.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.1\u00a0days). It is concluded that pregnancy produces a significant decrease in mean values of half\u2010life of elimination of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MXD<\/jats:styled-content>, indicating that pregnancy can increase the rate of elimination of the drug reducing their permanence in the body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]],"date-time":"2014-04-15T10:10:39Z","timestamp":1397556639000},"page":"550-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Plasma disposition kinetics of moxidectin after subcutaneous administration to pregnant sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Chill\u00e1n Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Chill\u00e1n Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Chill\u00e1n Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n Chill\u00e1n Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Arboix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00044a037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(95)00294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The pharmacokinetic of MXD after oral and subcutaneous administration to sheep","volume":"29","author":"Alvinerie M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2004.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00074-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.135.2.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2001.00309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010686508307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2001.24565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1977.38.04.533","article-title":"\u201cSpring rise\u201d in fecal nematode egg counts in sheep in Maine","volume":"38","author":"Gibbs H.C.","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996172.0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.182.04.375","article-title":"Control of periparturient rise in worm egg counts of lambing ewes","volume":"182","author":"Herd R.P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0771"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002202990400038X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.137.16.399"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of anthelmintic drugs in ruminants \u2010 updated integration of current knowledge","volume":"26","author":"Lanusse C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1997.00825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0000880"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"858","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics during pregnancy: evidence\u2010based maternal dose formulation","volume":"43","author":"Little B.B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Maternal body composition near term and birth weight","volume":"91","author":"Mardones F.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. 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