{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T04:30:56Z","timestamp":1759638656454},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ponazuril (toltrazuril sulfone) is a triazine antiprotozoal agent that targets apicomplexan organisms. Ponazuril may have clinical application in the treatment of clinical coccidiosis due to <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> species in goats, along with other protozoal infections. To evaluate the absorption, distribution and elimination characteristics of ponazuril in goats, a sensitive, validated high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy method for ponazuril in caprine plasma was developed. After a single oral dose of ponazuril at 10\u00a0mg\/kg, plasma samples from seven weanling goats were collected and assayed. Plasma concentrations of ponazuril in the goats peaked at 36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0h post drug administration at a concentration of 9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>. Concentrations declined to an average of 4.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> after 168\u00a0h with an average elimination half\u2010life of 129\u00a0\u00b1\u00a072\u00a0h post drug administration. This\u00a0study shows that ponazuril is relatively well absorbed after a single oral dose in goats. Efficacy trials are underway to determine clinical efficacy of\u00a0ponazuril in the treatment of clinical coccidiosis in goats at 10\u00a0mg\/kg dosage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,6]],"date-time":"2015-11-06T04:46:40Z","timestamp":1446785200000},"page":"305-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of single\u2010dose oral ponazuril in weanling goats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Love","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Fajt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00258-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(82)90079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2008.01039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-1456-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30838-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937111","article-title":"Parasitic apicomplexans harbor a chlorophyll a\u2010D1 complex, the potential target for therapeutic triazines","volume":"81","author":"Hackstein J.H.P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.56.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Antiparasitic efficacy of artemisia absinthium, toltrazuril and amprolium against intestinal coccidiosis in goats","volume":"37","author":"Igbal A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00180-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2005.00029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-4488(02)00089-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Epidemiology and economic benefits of treating goat coccidiosis","volume":"31","author":"Rehman T.\u2010u.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.028"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvp.12273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvp.12273","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvp.12273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T06:28:47Z","timestamp":1696228127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jvp.12273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jvp.12273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvp.12273","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2885","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]}}}