{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T07:20:29Z","timestamp":1696576829273},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP0560572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP0560572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001109","name":"The Hermon Slade Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three asymptomatic koalas serologically positive for cryptococcosis and two symptomatic koalas were treated with 10\u00a0mg\/kg fluconazole orally, twice daily for at least 2\u00a0weeks. The median plasma C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0\u20108\u00a0h<\/jats:sub> for asymptomatic animals were 0.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> and 4.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00b7h, respectively; and for symptomatic animals 3.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> and 17.3\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\u00b7h, respectively. An additional symptomatic koala was treated with fluconazole (10\u00a0mg\/kg twice daily) and a subcutaneous amphotericin B infusion twice weekly. After\u00a02\u00a0weeks the fluconazole C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> was 3.7\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> and the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0\u20108\u00a0h<\/jats:sub> was 25.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>*h. An additional three koalas were treated with fluconazole 15\u00a0mg\/kg twice daily for at least 2\u00a0weeks, with the same subcutaneous amphotericin protocol co\u2010administered to two of these koalas (C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>: 5.0 \u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>; mean <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0\u20108\u00a0h<\/jats:sub>: 18.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>*h). For all koalas, the fluconazole plasma C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> failed to reach the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> (16\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>) to inhibit <jats:italic>C.\u00a0gattii<\/jats:italic>. Fluconazole administered orally at either 10 or 15\u00a0mg\/kg twice daily in conjunction with amphotericin is unlikely to attain therapeutic plasma concentrations. Suggestions to improve treatment of systemic cryptococcosis include testing pathogen susceptibility to fluconazole, monitoring plasma fluconazole concentrations, and administration of 20\u201325\u00a0mg\/kg fluconazole orally, twice daily, with an amphotericin subcutaneous infusion twice weekly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T05:00:51Z","timestamp":1450155651000},"page":"412-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Some pharmacokinetic indices of oral fluconazole administration to koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus<\/i>) infected with cryptococcosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Govendir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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B.","family":"Krockenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Medicine of Australian Mammals","author":"Blanshard W.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","author":"Davis J.L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","volume-title":"Mycology Online, Cryptococcus Gattii","author":"Ellis D.H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","unstructured":"International Conference on Harmonisation. (2005)ICH Harmonised Tripartite guideline: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1).Geneva Switzerlandhttp:\/\/www.ich.org\/fileadmin\/Public_Web_Site\/ICH_Products\/Guidelines\/Quality\/Q2_R1\/Step4\/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdf Accessed 13 May 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01330-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.594967"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","first-page":"584","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the dog and cat","author":"Malik R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470959916.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1261-1263.1996","article-title":"Natural environmental sources of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii","volume":"34","author":"Sorrell T.C.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiolology"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00153-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","unstructured":"deWinter J.C.F.(2013)Using the Student's t\u2010test with extrememly small sample sizes. 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