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Increased antibacterial activity has been associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity that may increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis. This study compared the direct effects of two different FQ<\/jats:styled-content>s, enrofloxacin (Enro) and marbofloxacin (Mar), on normal primary canine chondrocytes and inflammatory\u2010stimulated chondrocytes, in addition to their administration in combination with hyaluronan (HA<\/jats:styled-content>). Cell viability, cell apoptosis, s\u2010GAG<\/jats:styled-content> production, and expression patterns of inflammatory, extracellular matrix (ECM<\/jats:styled-content>) component and protease genes were measured. Enro co\u2010culturing with HA<\/jats:styled-content> could modify s\u2010GAG<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis compared with the negative control group. Co\u2010treatment with both FQ<\/jats:styled-content>s and HA<\/jats:styled-content> significantly decreased cell viability and induced more total apoptotic cell death compared with the negative control and pre\u2010IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2\u2010stimulated group. Enro regulated IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2\u2010stimulated cells to overexpress IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, TNF<\/jats:styled-content>,<\/jats:italic> and MMP<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic>, whereas Mar induced upregulation of PTGS<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> and NFKB<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and enhanced the expression of ECM<\/jats:styled-content> component genes HAS<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, COL<\/jats:styled-content>2A1,<\/jats:italic> and ACAN<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> as well as TIMP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> and MMP<\/jats:styled-content>9<\/jats:italic>. Simultaneous use of HA<\/jats:styled-content> with Enro can effectively reduce the expression of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2, TNF<\/jats:styled-content>,<\/jats:italic> and MMP<\/jats:styled-content>3<\/jats:italic> in pre\u2010IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2\u2010stimulated chondrocytes. These results suggest the beneficial effects of HA<\/jats:styled-content> in reducing the adverse effects of Enro treatment at the transcriptional level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T19:29:36Z","timestamp":1457810976000},"page":"439-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Two fluoroquinolones and their combinations with hyaluronan: comparison of effects on canine chondrocyte culture"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Siengdee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Euppayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Department of Veterinary 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