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Four nonanesthetized, penicillin\u2010treated pigs were euthanized at 8\u00a0h postdose, and a second set of four similarly treated control pigs were sacrificed 28\u00a0h postdose. Liver penicillin tissue concentrations from animals that underwent anesthesia and laparoscopic tissue collection had tissue concentrations that were higher than nonanesthetized pigs at both time points. Urine, plasma, kidney, skeletal, and cardiac muscle showed no differences between the two groups. Laparoscopic tissue collection under general anesthesia in swine induces physiological changes that cause alterations in tissue pharmacokinetics not seen in conscious animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T04:52:40Z","timestamp":1474519960000},"page":"356-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inhalation anesthesia induced by isoflurane alters penicillin disposition in swine tissues"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"O. A.","family":"Chiesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Veterinary Research Office of Research\/Center for Veterinary Medicine FDA Laurel MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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