{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:35:11Z","timestamp":1777332911549,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,27]],"date-time":"2016-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000277","name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The antimicrobial properties of tulathromycin were investigated for <jats:italic>M.\u00a0haemolytica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P.\u00a0multocida<\/jats:italic>. Three <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> indices of antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>), minimum bactericidal concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBC<\/jats:styled-content>) and time\u2010kill curves, were established for six isolates of each organism. Each index was measured in two growth media: Mueller\u2013Hinton broth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHB<\/jats:styled-content>) and calf serum. It was shown that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MBC<\/jats:styled-content>s were markedly lower in serum than in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHB<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHB<\/jats:styled-content>:serum ratios for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> were 47:1 (<jats:italic>M.\u00a0haemolytica<\/jats:italic>) and 53:1 (<jats:italic>P.\u00a0multocida<\/jats:italic>). For both serum and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHB<\/jats:styled-content>, adjustment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> led to greater potency at alkaline compared to acid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>. Tulathromycin <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> was influenced by size of inoculum count, being 4.0\u2010 to 7.7\u2010fold greater for high compared to low initial counts. It was concluded that for the purpose of determining dosages for therapeutic use, pharmacodynamic data for tulathromycin should be derived in biological fluids such as serum. It is hypothesized that <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> measurement of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> in broth, conducted according to internationally recommended standards, may be misleading as a basis for estimating the <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> potency of tulathromycin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T04:32:50Z","timestamp":1480307570000},"page":"419-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A large potentiation effect of serum on the <i>in\u00a0vitro<\/i> potency of tulathromycin against <i>Mannheimia haemolytica<\/i> and <i>Pasteurella multocida<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Lees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Herts UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Illambas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Herts UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. 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