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Repeated\u2010measure models were used to compare parametric data between and within treatments, followed by Tukey's test. Nonparametric data were analysed with Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank, adjusted by Bonferroni tests. Blood samples were also collected up to 6\u00a0h after dosing for plasma drug quantification by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>. Methadone pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental and compartmental approaches. There were no differences in pharmacodynamic parameters. No statistical differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters from noncompartmental analysis for both groups, except a significant decrease in peak plasma concentration, increase in apparent volume of distribution per fraction absorbed (Vd<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>\/F) and increased mean residence time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRT<\/jats:styled-content>) for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NANO<\/jats:styled-content>. One\u2010compartment open model with first order elimination best described the pharmacokinetic profiles for both groups. Neither <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORAL<\/jats:styled-content> nor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NANO<\/jats:styled-content> administered orally to horses produced antinociception. The nanoencapsulated formulation of methadone given orally to horses did not improve methadone pharmacokinetic parameters or increased systemic body exposure to methadone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T11:06:18Z","timestamp":1484564778000},"page":"398-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the injectable formulation of methadone hydrochloride and methadone in lipid nanocarriers administered orally to horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Crosignani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine UNESP \u2013 Universidade Estadual Paulista Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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C.","family":"Pigatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012098005098"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007594602449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Crosignani N. Luna S.P.L. Pimenta E.L.M. Detoni C.B. Guterres S.S. Lopes C. Pantoja J.C.F.&Dalla Costa T.C.T. (2013)Effects on thermal mechanical and electrical thresholds after oral intramuscular or intravenous administration of methadone in mares. 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