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Off\u2010label use in foals leads to severe local lesions likely caused by hyperosmolality of the injected solution. We provide evidence from a pharmacokinetic study in 10 warm\u2010blooded healthy foals for intravenous bolus injection of gamithromycin diluted in distilled water to be a safe and well tolerated alternative. By intravenous dosing, markedly higher plasma exposure and better penetration into bronchoalveolar lavage cells but lower distribution into epithelial lining fluid are achieved as after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. Intravenously injected gamithromycin was tolerated without any adverse drug reactions. The protocols for treatment of equine pulmonary infections caused by <jats:italic>Rhodococcus equi<\/jats:italic> should be revised accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T04:36:46Z","timestamp":1489984606000},"page":"406-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of gamithromycin after intravenous administration in foals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0858-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Berlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Randow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lewitz Stud  Neustadt\u2010Glewe Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Scheuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Grube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pharmacology Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Venner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic for Horses  Destedt Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2011.01292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of tulathromycin and 14 other antimicrobials against virulent Rhodococcus equi in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Carlson K. 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