{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:18:23Z","timestamp":1770221903947,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004770","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIL 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIL 2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of different selective \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>) agonists (detomidine, medetomidine, xylazine, and brimonidine) on the contractions of horse\u2010isolated bronchi induced by electrical field stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>) and by carbachol. No effects were observed on the contraction induced by carbachol, while \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>agonists reduced<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010evoked contractions in a concentration\u2010related fashion. The rank order of potency (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) was brimonidine (7.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.20) &gt;medetomidine (7.09\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.24) &gt;detomidine (6.13\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.55) &gt;xylazine (4.59\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.16). The maximal effects (E<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) were \u221256.3%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.3%, \u221240.4%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.9%, \u221248.6%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.9%, and \u221272.7%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.7% for brimonidine, medetomidine, detomidine, and xylazine, respectively. Adrenergic block by guanethidine enhanced the potency (8.10\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05, 7.30\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15, 6.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.41, and 5.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.22) and the efficacy (\u221295.2%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7%, \u221245.2%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.7%, \u221258.5%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.8%, and \u221297.9%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6%) of brimonidine, medetomidine, detomidine, and xylazine, respectively. Selective \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>antagonist, atipamezole, competitively antagonized the inhibition of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010evoked contractions induced by all agonists except xylazine. These results suggest the existence of presynaptic \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>s on cholinergic neurons, negatively regulating the release of acetylcholine in horse bronchial muscle, and that \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>agonists may be beneficial against vagally mediated bronchoconstriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T04:24:06Z","timestamp":1511324646000},"page":"246-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of selective \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010adrenergic receptor agonists on electrical field\u2010stimulated contractions of isolated bronchi in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico\u2010Veterinarie Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Colla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico\u2010Veterinarie Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Placenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico\u2010Veterinarie Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Medico\u2010Veterinarie Universit\u00e0 di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90658-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1978.tb00918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)14299-5","article-title":"Postsynaptic alpha 2\u2010adrenoceptors predominate over alpha 1\u2010adrenoceptors in canine tracheal smooth muscle and mediate neuronal and hormonal alpha\u2010adrenergic contraction","volume":"23","author":"Barnes P. 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