{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:11:39Z","timestamp":1791292299374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007703","name":"North Carolina State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ceftazidime, a third\u2010generation cephalosporin, is important for treating opportunistic bacterial infections in turtles. Antibacterial dosage regimens are not well established for wild turtles and are often extrapolated from other reptiles or mammals. This investigation used a population pharmacokinetic approach to study ceftazidime in wild turtles presented for rehabilitation. Ceftazidime was administered to 24 wild turtles presented to the Turtle Rescue Team at North Carolina State University. A sparse blood sampling protocol was used to collect samples from 0 to 120\u00a0hr with three samples per individual after injection. Plasma samples were analyzed by high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPLC<\/jats:styled-content>). A nonlinear mixed\u2010effects model (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLME<\/jats:styled-content>) was fitted to the data to determine typical values for population parameters. We identified a long half\u2010life (T\u00bd) of approximately 35\u00a0hr and volume of distribution (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<jats:sub>SS<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) of 0.26\u00a0L\/kg. We concluded that this long T\u00bd will allow for a dose of 20\u00a0mg\/kg injected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IM<\/jats:styled-content> to maintain concentrations above the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> of most wild\u2010type bacteria for 5\u00a0days. Because of long intervals between injections, stability of stored formulations was measured and showed that 90% strength was maintained for 120\u00a0hr when stored in the refrigerator and for 25\u00a0days when stored in the freezer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T10:13:08Z","timestamp":1520503988000},"page":"495-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Population pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after a single intramuscular injection in wild turtles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"Cerreta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turtle Rescue Team College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. A.","family":"Lewbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turtle Rescue Team College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. R.","family":"Dise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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