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Horses' rectums were either evacuated (E) or not evacuated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content>) of manure prior to the administration of the drug. Serum samples were taken over 24\u00a0hr and plasma concentrations were determined via high pressure liquid chromatography. At 15\u00a0min post\u2010administration, group E had a significantly higher plasma concentration (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027), but there were no concentration differences at any other time points. There was large variability in relative bioavailability in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content>group, with a median of 86.7%. Based on our results, there is no advantage to manually evacuating a horse's rectum prior to rectal administration of metronidazole. Further study at higher dosages as well as examination of clinical efficacy is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T12:04:41Z","timestamp":1532088281000},"page":"838-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rectal administration of metronidazole with and without rectal evacuation prior to use in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freya","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Stillwater Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyndi","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Stillwater Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Stillwater Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1988.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775600505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1996.tb00064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Equine internal medicine","author":"Dowling P. 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