{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:14:53Z","timestamp":1767046493084,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Buprenorphine is absorbed following sublingual administration, which would be a low\u2010stress delivery route in foals. However, the pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics are not described in foals. Six healthy foals &lt;21\u00a0days of age participated in a blinded, randomized, 3\u2010period, 5\u2010sequence, 3\u2010treatment crossover prospective study. Foals received 0.01\u20130.02\u00a0mg\/kg buprenorphine administered SL or IV with an equivalent volume of saline administered by the opposite route. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for pharmacokinetic analysis. Physiologic parameters (HR, RR, body temperature, GI sounds), locomotion (pedometer), and behavioral data (activity level, nursing time, response to humans) were recorded. Plasma concentration of buprenorphine exceeded a presumed analgesic level (0.6\u00a0ng\/ml) in five foals in the IV group and one in the SL group but only for a very brief time. Pharmacokinetic analysis following IV administration demonstrated a short elimination half\u2010life (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2\u03b2<\/jats:sub> 1.95\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0hr), large volume of distribution (6.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.54\u00a0L\/kg), and a high total clearance (55.83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.75\u00a0ml\/kg\/min), which differs from adult horses. Following SL administration, maximum concentrations reached were 0.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11\u00a0ng\/ml and bioavailability was 25.1%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.9%. In both groups, there were minor statistical differences in HR, RR, body temperature, locomotion, and time spent nursing. However, these differences were clinically insignificant in this single dose study, and excitement, sedation, or colic did not occur.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T12:51:59Z","timestamp":1537620719000},"page":"26-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and physiologic\/behavioral effects of buprenorphine administered sublingually and intravenously to neonatal foals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6598-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara L.","family":"Grubb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Kurkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah C.","family":"Sellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy K.","family":"Seino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University  Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Statistical Education and Research Washington State University  Pullman Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology VA\u2010MD College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine following intravenous and oral transmucosal administration in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Abbo L. 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