{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:03:33Z","timestamp":1740135813735,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Scientist Research Training Program, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences"},{"name":"Fort Worth Zoo"},{"name":"gofundme.com"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aspergillosis is an infectious, non\u2010contagious fungal disease of clinical importance in flamingo collections. Itraconazole is an antifungal drug commonly used in the treatment and prophylaxis of avian aspergillosis. Studies have shown that dosage regimes in birds vary based on different itraconazole presentation and administration methods. This investigation used a population pharmacokinetic approach to study itraconazole in lesser flamingos. Itraconazole was administered orally at 10\u00a0mg\/kg to 17 flamingos. A sparse blood sampling was performed on the subjects, and samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 24\u00a0hr post\u2010drug administration. Twelve flamingos were sampled three times, three birds bled twice and two sampled once. Itraconazole in plasma was quantified using high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPLC<\/jats:styled-content>). A one\u2010compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption was fitted to the data using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NLME) to determine values for population parameters. We identified a long half\u2010life (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u00bd) of more than 75\u00a0hr and a maximum plasma concentration (C<jats:sub>MAX<\/jats:sub>) of 1.69\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, which is above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different aspergillus isolates. We concluded that plasma drug concentrations of itraconazole were maintained in a population of flamingos above 0.5\u00a0ug\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ml<\/jats:styled-content> for at least 24\u00a0hr after a single oral dose of 10\u00a0mg\/kg of itraconazole solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T05:56:02Z","timestamp":1539150962000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Population pharmacokinetics of itraconazole solution after a single oral administration in captive lesser flamingos (<i>Phoeniconaias minor<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2089-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos R.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services Fort Worth Zoo  Fort Worth Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Zalesak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University College of Veterinary Medicine  College Station Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Pich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Services Fort Worth Zoo  Fort Worth Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01492-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.506210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","author":"Biological Resources Division","year":"1999"},{"volume-title":"Flamingo husbandry guidelines","year":"2005","author":"Brown C.","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Brown M. 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