{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:31:30Z","timestamp":1790141490494,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]],"date-time":"2018-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005071","name":"Shiraz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a single oral dose of florfenicol in rainbow trouts experimentally infected with <jats:italic>Lactococcus garvieae<\/jats:italic> or\u00a0<jats:italic>Streptococcus iniae<\/jats:italic>. One hundred and fifty fish were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1\u2014healthy fish, 2\u2014fish inoculated with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0iniae<\/jats:italic> (2.87\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/ml, i.p.), and 3\u2014fish inoculated with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0garvieae<\/jats:italic> (6.8\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/ml, i.p.). Florfenicol was administered to all groups at 15\u00a0mg\/kg by oral gavage. Blood sampling was performed at 0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120\u00a0hr after drug administration to each group, and plasma concentration of florfenicol was assayed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPLC<\/jats:styled-content> method. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>s of florfenicol were 1.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml and 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml against <jats:italic>L.\u00a0garviae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S.\u00a0iniae<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Healthy fish showed higher values for most of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> parameters as compared to fish infected with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0garvieae<\/jats:italic> which was reversed in fish infected with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0iniae<\/jats:italic>. Fish infected with <jats:italic>L.\u00a0garvieae<\/jats:italic> showed decreased relative bioavailability accompanied by increased volume of distribution at steady\u2010state (Vd<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>) and total body clearance (Cl<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>.<\/jats:sub> Infection with <jats:italic>S.\u00a0iniae<\/jats:italic> increased the peak concentration of drug after administration (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>max) and decreased elimination half\u2010life (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\/2 \u03b2<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub> central compartment volume (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>), and Vd<jats:sub>ss<\/jats:sub>. In conclusion, infection with these bacteria can affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in rainbow trouts as shown by decreased bioavailability and increased total body clearance and volume of distribution in <jats:italic>L.\u00a0garvieae<\/jats:italic> infection and decreased volume of distribution accompanied by increased <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>max in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0iniae\u2010<\/jats:italic>infected fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T06:40:24Z","timestamp":1543214424000},"page":"214-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparative single\u2010dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss<\/i>, Walbaum, 1792) at health and experimental infection with <i>Streptococcus iniae<\/i> or <i>Lactococcus garvieae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Shiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5954-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahoora","family":"Shomali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Basic Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyavash","family":"Soltanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Akhlaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/H09-010.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Microbial Diseases: A Veterinarian's Guide to Laboratory Diagnosis","author":"Carter G. 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