{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:00:40Z","timestamp":1761490840472,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006623","name":"San Francisco Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MT15-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MT15-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006623","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003516","name":"Winn Feline Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MT15-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MT15-006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dexmedetomidine is an alpha\u20102 adrenoceptor agonist, and vatinoxan is an alpha\u20102 antagonist believed to poorly cross the blood\u2013brain barrier in cats. Dexmedetomidine\u2013vatinoxan combinations are of interest in anesthetized cats because the anesthetic sparing effect of dexmedetomidine may be preserved while vatinoxan attenuates the adverse cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in cats during administration of isoflurane and vatinoxan. Six healthy adult male castrated cats were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Vatinoxan was administered using a target\u2010controlled infusion system intended to maintain a plasma concentration of 4\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml. Dexmedetomidine, 35\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg was administered intravenously over 5\u00a0min. Plasma dexmedetomidine and vatinoxan concentrations were measured at selected time points ranging from prior to 8\u00a0hr after dexmedetomidine administration using liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the time\u2010concentration data using nonlinear mixed\u2010effect modeling. A three\u2010compartment model best fitted the data. Typical value (% interindividual variability) for the three\u2010compartment volumes (ml\/kg), the metabolic clearance and the two intercompartment distribution clearances (ml\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were 168 (259), 318 (35), 1,425 (18), 12.4 (31), 39.1 (18), and 29.6 (17), respectively. Mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation plasma vatinoxan concentration was 2.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.6\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T10:27:06Z","timestamp":1563445626000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine during administration of vatinoxan in male neutered cats anesthetized with isoflurane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-0991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno H.","family":"Pypendop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Ahokoivu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhana","family":"Honkavaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"A peripherally acting alpha\u20102 adrenoceptor antagonist: L\u2010659,066","volume":"245","author":"Clineschmidt B. 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