{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:15:54Z","timestamp":1782310554238,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":[": RSA6180033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":[": RSA6180033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the major obstacles to the successful treatment of infectious disease in freshwater crocodile species is incorrect dosing of antibiotics. There are few reports on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens of antimicrobial drugs in crocodiles. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ceftriaxone (CEF) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (<jats:italic>Crocodylus siamensis<\/jats:italic>). Freshwater crocodiles, <jats:italic>Crocodylus siamensis<\/jats:italic>, in breeding farms were treated with a single intramuscular administration of CEF at two dosages, 12.5 and 25\u00a0mg\/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 168\u00a0hr. The plasma concentrations of CEF were measured by a validated method through liquid chromatography tandem\u2010mass spectrometry. CEF plasma concentrations were quantified up to 72 and 96\u00a0hr after low\u2010 and high\u2010dose administration, respectively. The <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> values of CEF were 24.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.15\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml and 26.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.81\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml at dosages of 12.5 and 25\u00a0mg\/kg b.w., respectively. The AUC<jats:sub>last<\/jats:sub> values increased in a dose\u2010dependent fashion. The half\u2010life values were not statistically different between the groups (around 20\u00a0hr). The average binding percentage of CEF to plasma protein was 53.78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.11%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break\u2010point and the surrogate PK\u2010PD index (T\u00a0&gt;\u00a0MIC, 0.2 \u03bcg\/ml), i.m. administration of CEF at a dose of 12.5\u00a0mg\/kg b.w. might be appropriate for initiating treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T08:19:23Z","timestamp":1564388363000},"page":"141-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in freshwater crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus siamensis<\/i>) after intramuscular administration at two dosages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5249-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranya","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa San Piero a Grado Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narongsak","family":"Chaiyabutr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narumol","family":"Klangkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Napasorn","family":"Phaochoosak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Wongwaipairote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wongweerakij Crocodile Farm Bo Phloi Kanjanaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5322-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amnart","family":"Poapolathep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2007.00871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198510020-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0838-1925.12.5.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1666","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Benet L. 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